1. May 2010 1 ITU-T Workshop ICTs: Building the Green City of the Future Arthur Levin Chief, ITU-TSB United Nations Pavilion EXPO-2010, 14 May 2010 Shanghai, China

2. May 2010 2 Tackling Climate Change Why ICTs? Why ITU?

3. May 2010 3 Introduction to ITU Founded in 1865, it is the oldest specialized agency of the UN system Standards making is the first ITU activities 191 Member States, 780 private sector entities HQ Geneva, 11 regional offices, 760 staff/80 nationalities Named as one of the worlds ten most enduring institutions by Booz Allen Five elected officials: Secretary-General Deputy Secretary-General Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) Director of the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) Director of the Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT)

4. May 2010 4 Plenipotentiary Conference ITU Council ITU-T World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly ITU-R World/Regional Radiocommunication Conference Radiocommunication Assembly ITU-D World/Regional Telecommunication Development Conference General Secretariat TELECOM ITU Structure

5. May 2010 5 ITU Membership Member States: 191 governments ITU-T, ITU-R, ITU-D Sector Members (565) ITU-T Sector membership fee: 31,800 CHF (= 20k EUR) Associates (154): have right to participate in one study group Associate membership fee: 10,600 CHF (= 7k EUR) Today, 95% of the work in ITU-T is done by the private sector (Sector Members and Associates)

6. May 2010 6 Without ITU-T standards you couldnt make a telephone call from one side of the world to another. Without ITU-T standards the Internet wouldnt function. ITU-T Recommendations connect the world…

7. May 2010 7 ITU-T in a Nutshell Work (mostly) done in Study Groups (10 of them) + Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (TSAG) ITU-T Product: Recommendations (= standards) Freely available to the public Unique partnership of private sector (Sector Members) & government (Member States) Truly global Consensus decisions Fast procedures, transparent procedures Common Patent Policy ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC

8. May 2010 8 ITU and Academia 1 st Kaleidoscope event 2008: 140 contributions from academic institutions from around the world 2 nd Kaleidoscope event: Innovations for Digital Inclusion September 2009, Mar del Plata, Argentina 3 rd Event: Future Networks (India 2010) Best papers proposed as new work Published

9. May 2010 9 Did you Know? Facebook alone uses an amount of capacity more than the entire Internet in 2000 It is estimated that the total electricity used in powering and cooling the 2 million servers of the 5 major search engines is around 5 gigawatts – which is the same amount of power used by the city of Las Vegas on the hottest day of the year The Google data center in Oregon (US) consumes as much electricity each day as the city of Geneva Data centers consumer more electricity than Argentina or the Netherlands Whereas 80 Kg. of copper per line and per Km. were necessary in 1915 to carry a signal, only 0.01g of glass are sufficient today, a factor of 8 million Between 16-50 Megatons of waste PCs and monitors are disposed of each year. This is enough to fill a container train of length equal to the circumference of the earth While the average lifespan of a mobile phone is 5 years, 100 million Europeans will replace a phone this year after only one year of use 100 million customers receiving online phone bills would save 109,100 ton of CO 2

10. May 2010 10 GLOBAL FRAMEWORK 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change 1997 Kyoto Protocol was adopted at COP-3 while Convention encouraged developed countries to stabilize GHG emissions, the Protocol commits them to do so 2001 Detailed implementation rules adopted at COP-7 in Marrakesh Annex B (developed countries) to reduce GHG emissions in period 2008-12 (6 gases, notably CO2)) average overall reduction of 5.2% against 1990 baseline; national targets vary EU-15 countries have a tougher target of -8% aviation and shipping were excluded Developing countries: only to monitor and report GHG emissions Protocol established Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows parties to earn and trade emission credits through projects either in developed or developing countries ICT not covered

11. May 2010 11 GLOBAL FRAMEWORK 2005 Kyoto Protocol came into effect for 177 countries; 189 now have ratified 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC clear link between GHG emission and climate change GHG emissions continue to grow as world continues to industrialize 2012 First commitment period under Kyoto Protocol will expire new framework is needed to deliver the stringent emission reductions the IPCC says are needed

12. May 2010 12 TOWARD A NEW GLOBAL FRAMEWORK 2007 COP-13 in Bali launched process for negotiation of the new Agreement established AWGLCA (Ad Hoc Working Group on Long Term Cooperative Action) to develop work program 2008 3 AWGLCA meetings: Bangkok, Bonn, Accra **ITU is an observer 2009 Meeting of COP-14: Poznan, Poland 3 more AWGLCA meetings; ITU sends input 2009 COP-15 meets in Copenhagen Plenary takes note of the Copenhagen Accord 12 paragraphs of text (started with 200 pages) 100 countries have now signed up; but not China and India Annex I commitments are all conditional on a new global agreement Work on underlying Agreement continues 2010 COP-16 in Mexico