2. Photosynthesis and Respiration Biology I Mr. Beaty Thomasville HS

3. Bellringer How do autotrophs and heterotrophs obtain energy? How is photosynthesis different from respiration? Can animals that do not use the sun live without it? Explain.

4. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Autotrophs Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Light Energy Organic Compounds + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water

5. What is ATP? ATP is a compound that stores energy. The energy is stored in the bonds that hold the phosphates together. ADP plus phosphate = ATP ADP can be recycled. How are ADP and ATP similar to batteries?

6. Photosynthesis What is the overall formula for photosynthesis? 6 CO 2 + 6H 2 0 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 How does this formula compare to the overall formula for aerobic respiration? It is the complete opposite! C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + E L

7. Photosynthesis Plants and some other organisms are autotrophs. Like Bacteria, Protista Autotrophs make their own food by converting sunlight energy into chemical energy that is stored in chemical bonds. The process is know as photosynthesis.

8. Photosynthesis Plants use specialized structures called chloroplasts. The chloroplast has two membranes, an inner and outer membrane. Inside the inner membrane are flattened sacs called thylakoids. Each stack of thylakoids are known as granum.

9. Photosynthesis Surrounding the thylakoids is a solution called stroma. Located in the thylakoid membrane are pigments that absorb light energy. The most famous pigment is called chlorophyll.

10. Bellringer Where does photosynthesis occur? Why do plants carry it out? What are the parts of the chloroplast? What is the main pigment found in chloroplasts? What is the ADP – ATP Cycle? What colors of light do pigments best absorb?

11. Draw a picture of the chloroplast and label its parts. Quiz your partner until both of you can identify the major components of the chloroplast. Where does the light reaction occur? Where does the dark reaction occur?

12. Light Reaction Sun Photosystem II Photosystem I Sun ETC ATP NADP+ NADPH Water is split into H and O 2

13. Pairs Using the models, take turn explaining the steps of photosynthesis to your partner. What reactants are used in the light reaction? What products come out?

14. Assignment- Start today, finish next week. Complete 6-1 study guide and active reading assignment.

15. Bellringer

16. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Autotrophs Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Light Energy Organic Compounds + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water

17. Light Reaction Videos http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/a nisamples/majorsbiology/harvestinglight.s wf http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/a nisamples/majorsbiology/harvestinglight.s wf http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/c hapter10/animations.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/c hapter10/animations.html

18. Photosynthesis Once the light reaction creates NADPH and ATP, these products are used to power the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle converts CO2 into organic compounds. It takes many turns of the cycle to produce a single molecule of glucose.

19. Calvin Cycle NADPH ATP CO 2 Organic Compounds

20. Pairs Using the models, take turn explaining the steps of photosynthesis to your partner. What reactants are used in the light reaction? What products come out? What reactants are used in the Calvin Cycle? What products come out?

21. Balance Sheet for Photosynthesis 1. Water is split in the light reaction that produces ATP and NADPH. 2. NADPH and ATP are used to power the Calvin Cycle which fixes molecules of CO 2 into organic compounds. 3. One turn of the Calvin Cycle fixes one molecule of CO 2. 4. A variety of organic compounds are formed, including amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Most typically the carbohydrate glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) is used in the formula. CO 2 + H 2 0 => C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2

22. Other pathways The Calvin cycle fixes carbon into 3 carbon compounds. C4 pathway fixes carbon into 4 carbon compounds. CAM pathway – Adaptation made for plants that grow in hot dry climates. Exchange gases at night and the Calvin cycle occurs during the day.

23. Pairs How are CAM and C4 pathways different than normal photosynthesis? Make a chart that compare the three different pathways. What type of plants benefit from the CAM pathway? What is one downfall of the CAM cycle?

24. The rate of photosynthesis Environmental factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis. Analyze the graphs with your partner and discuss how temperature and light affect the rate of photosynthesis. (pg 124)

25. Homework Complete Ch 6 Reading Guide and Active Reading 6.2.

26. Summary What is the overall formula for photosynthesis? Why do we need plants in order to survive? Describe what happens in the light and dark reaction(Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis.