1. HUL286 Class presentation Group 3

2.  The basic objective of the Act is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by Providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every BPL & APL household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.  This work guarantee can also serves other objectives like 1.Generating productive assets, 2.Protecting the environment, empowering rural women, 3.Reducing rural urban migration and fostering social equity, among others.

3.  The Gram Panchayat after due verification will issue a job card.  The job card should be issued within 15 days of application  A job card holder may submit a written application for employment to the Gram Panchayat,  Employment will be given within 15 days if it is not then daily unemployment allowance will be given as per the Act  Work should ordinarily be provided within 5 km  Wages are to be paid according to piece rate or daily rate.

4.  Wages should be paid through Bank or post office.  At least one third beneficiaries shall be women.  Crèche, drinking water, first aid kit and shade facilities have to be provided.  A 60:40 wage and material ration has to be maintained.  Shelf of projects for a village will be recommended by the Gram Sabha.  No contractors and machinery is allowed.  Social Audit has to be done by the Gram Sabha.

5. 1) Water conservation and water harvesting; 2) Drought proofing, including afforestation and tree plantation; 3) Irrigation canals, including micro and minor irrigation works; 4) Provision of irrigation facility to land owned by household belonging to the SC/ST, or to land of the beneficiaries of land reforms, or to land of the beneficiaries under the Indira Awas Yojana; 5) Renovation of traditional water bodies, including de-silting of tanks; 6) Land development ;

6. 7) Flood control and protection works, including drainage in waterlogged areas; 8) Rural connectivity to provide all-weather access. The construction of roads may include culverts where necessary, and within the village area may be taken up along with drains; 9) Any work that may be notified by the Central Government in consultation with the State Government.

7. 1. Increasing Employment Opportunities 2. Enhancing Wage Earning and Impact on Minimum Wage 3. Increasing Outreach to the poor and marginalized 4. Strengthening Natural Base 5. Financial Inclusion of the poor 6. Insurance Coverage

9.  Trilok meena  Bhanudhay Birla  Devendra Meena  Lokesh Baswal  Paresh Nagore  Ram Cheez Meena  Vijay Anjana

10.  Sample size of 14 – quite small.  Equal number of men and women surveyed  Caste of people: -

11. Age Distribution

12. Monthly Income of respondents

13. Number of days worked

14. Income per day

15. Types of work done

16. Officials’ work

17. Officials’ work – distribution of job cards

18. Other details

19.  Maximum age of worker in the survey :- 43 years.  No scope for old people??  No child labor but people below 20 as extra income source.  Huge variation in monthly income.. Varying from as much as 3500 to as low as zero.  Large variation in working days as well, only some being close to the promised 100.  Variation in income per day from 60 to 140. This maybe due to the amount of work done per day  Work done mainly in irrigation, road making and ground work.

20.  Both the genders not paid equally  Involvement of middlemen – violation of Act.  Improper attendance and corruption, leading to fudging of muster rolls and funds’ exploitation  Workers forced to work under sarpanch and private land owners’ farms – another violation of Act and misuse of position.  Uneven and unjustified distribution of job cards – even the non-deserving people get cards and wages Summary – contd.

21.  Insufficient awareness of facilities granted by the Act – laxity of local officials, need of community building (example of Barwani district)  Need for better working facilities like drinking water, shade, crèches etc.  Financial Inclusion – all respondents have bank accounts and money is transferred into these accounts. Summary – contd.

22.  The Sarpanch has a lot of power in the system.  People close to the sarpanch can get proxies and therefore get paid for free.  The jobs cards are issued by the panchayat. As no incentive is given to the sarpanch and co., the people are forced to remind the panchayat lots of times to get the card issued.  The sarpanch can make the people work in his own private lands, thus robbing them of their income. Sarpanch

23.  The labourers are illiterate. They face difficulties in filling various forms like withdrawal form of the bank. They are forced to depend on other people.  They are usually exploited, in the matter of opening bank accounts.  Work can be demanded by the people by filling the C-6 form.  The have no knowledge about the unemployment allowance, which has to be given if no job is available 15 days after the filling of the C-6 form.

24.  Irregular attendance.  Proxies by people close to the person in- charge of attendance.  People close to the sarpanch get job cards and fake attendance.  People get attendance and do not work, reducing the overall work done in the day and the income of the deserving people.

25.  It causes labour shortage for the fields.  It is increasing the labour cost and hence the cost of vegetables and other products.  NREGA is like giving free money to workers i.e. they do very less work and get full payment and this is making the workers lazy.  Not much community assets are being created to aid farming(though, the pie chart seems to show the opposite).  The state government of Bihar has decided to integrate agriculture with NREGA, this is a good sign for the farmers.

26.  Labour shortage faced by urban industries (manufacturing and construction).  Use of machinery in NREGA which is prohibited by the act.  Quality of work has been very poor.  Contractors are involved in the system which is prohibited by the act.

27.  There was great fraud in making (of job) cards, muster rolls were not maintained properly, and work was not provided to job seekers.  Workers performed one day's job but their attendance was put for 33 days.  The workers got money for one day while wages for 32 days were misappropriated by the people associated with the functioning of NREGA.  Job cards were found in the possession of sarpanchs or other panchayat functionaries.  Job cards were fudged and fake entries made,

28.  In the country as a whole, around ten lakh rural BPL households paid bribes to avail of NREGA benefits, to the tune of Rs 7.15 crores in the course of one year !!  Around 47% of rural BPL households that interacted with the NREGA found the officials/staff corrupt.  Half the households that paid bribes, did so to get registered for work under the scheme. Source :- Centre for Media Studies (CMS) & Transparency International India (TII) in India Corruption Study-2009

29.  Allowing NREGA work to be done in private lands of small and marginal farmers.  Allowing private contractors to implement NREGA work.  Permitting a new set of works that could be done under NREGA including, construction of buildings and sports stadiums  Appointment of ombudsman in each district for grievance redressal  Going beyond unskilled manual work by including "measurable" semi-skilled services like fishery and carpentry.  Convergence with projects of other ministries.  Appointing dedicated staff at the district level to educate people of their rights.

30. Goodness of the Act.  1. Poor People and women are happy about the act.  2.People are Getting about 100 days of work in a financial year and getting avg. 90 Rs/day.  3. Less corruption due to transparency in the system and social audit.  4. Empowerment to women.  5. Reducing migration.

31.  Negative side and suggestion :-  1. All assets are useless excepting a pond.  2. Work done under the scheme has destroyed playground, pastures and spoiled so much land.  3.Making ponds and roads are actually Machine work but in this act, workers are doing this kind of job, it doesn’t make any sense.  4.There are so many works that can be done by only hand like Tree plantation, bricks manufacturing, handicrafts, domestic industrial work.  5. Villages are being dirty and ugly because of the work. We have to make all villages clean and green not dirty and ugly.  6. We have to stabilize domestic industries in the villages for development.