1. Ch. 10 The Brain 3 Lbs, Texture=Cold Oatmeal

2. What are the 4 Major Parts of the Brain?
1) Cerebral Hemispheres
2) Diencephalon
3) Brain Stem
4) Cerebellum

3. How is the brain protected?
Meninges: A connective membrane covering the CNS.
What are the 3 meninges?
Dura Mater: Tough Mother
Arachnoid Mater: Spider Mother, Cerebral Spinal Fluid Flows between Arachnoid and Pia Mater
Pia Mater: Gentle Mother

4. Diseases of the Meninges.
Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges caused by a bacteria or virus
Encephalitis: Brain Swelling caused by an increase in cerebral spinal fluid

5. Meningitis- Yellow cloudy meninges to the left.

6. Parts of the Brain to know.
Gyri= Elevated ridges
Sulci= Furrows (when you “sulk” you’re down)
Fissures= the deep grooves
Longitudinal Fissure: Separates R & L hemispheres
Lobes= Smaller sections of the cerebrum

7. What are the 4 lobes of the brain? What do they do?
Frontal Lobe: concentration and problem solving
Temporal Lobe: interprets & remembers visual and auditory patterns
Occipital Lobe: visual area
Parietal Lobe: speech, motor, sensations

8. The Brain
Brain
Dissection

9. How do the L & R hemispheres work?
The Left side of the brain controls the Right side of the body
The Right side of the brain controls the Left side of the body.
Dominant Hemisphere: 90% Left (Language, Speech, Reading, Writing, and Analytical skills)
Right Brain: The right brain controls the artistic abilities of a person. A person with a predominant right brain over the left brain will be more artistic, creative and spontaneous.
Left Brain: On the other hand, a person with a more active left brain as compared to the right brain will be more logical, precise, analytical and controlled.

10. Quickly fold your hand together. Which thumb is on top?
Mini-Mini Experiment
Quickly fold your hand together.
Which thumb is on top?
If your left thumb what is the dominant side of your brain?

11. What are the Cerebral Hemispheres’ functions?
Figure 10.13, pg. 259

12. The Brain

13. What is the job of the cerebellum?
Coordinates balance and movement
Like the cerebrum it has two hemispheres

14. What is the job of the brain stem? Table 10.1, pg. 262
Midbrain: Connects the cerebrum to the rest of the nervous system
Pons: Control breathing and relays impulses.
Medulla Oblongata: Controls heart rate, bp, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting

15. Job of the Diencephalon?
Epithalamus: Originates CSF
Thalamus: Relay station for sensory impulses, crude touch and temp perception, cognition & awareness.
Hypothalamus: Autonomic Nervous System, Regulates Homeostasis of Temperature, Thirst, Metabolism, all basic drives, maintains waking state and sleep pattern.
Pineal gland: secretes hormone melatonin = sleep

16. Where is the Pituitary Gland?
In the diencephalon
Master hormone regulator
Causes hot flashes

17. Job of the Cerebellum? Coordinates complex skilled movements.
Posture (How is yours right now?)
Balance

18. Job of the Cerebrum? Perceive sensory information
Control muscular movement
Integrate functions
Personality, IQ, & Memories
Basal Ganglia: regulates muscle tone
Limbic system: emotions for survival.

19. What happens if the Basil Nuclei is malfunctioning?
Huntington’s Disease: Unable to control muscle movement, have jerky movements. May be too much dopamine.
Parkinson’s Disease: Trouble starting muscle movement due to a lack of dopamine.

20. Addiction Labs and Videos
What causes Addiction
Addiction Labs and Videos .
Alcohols
Effect
Anxiety
Attacks

21. What are some major brain dysfunctions?
Traumatic Brain injuries
Concussions= Dizzy, loss of short term memory
Contusions: Tissue destruction and comma
Brain Trauma

22. More Brain Problems
Strokes or CUAs: 3rd leading cause of death, damage can be reversed if an ischemic stroke is treated in the first 24 hrs with t-PA.
It is very important to seek emergency medical attention for stroke symptoms. If you are having an ischemic stroke , which is caused by a blood clot, you may be given medicines that get rid of the clot. If you are having a hemorrhagic stroke, which is caused by bleeding in the brain, you will not be given medicines.
If you are having an ischemic stroke, you may be able to receive tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), a clot-dissolving medicine. This medicine is strongly recommended, but it is most effective if given within 3 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms.1 If you receive t-PA within this 3-hour window, it may improve your recovery. Evidence shows that there may be some benefit in giving t-PA even beyond 3 hours.9, 10, 11 But t-PA can be life-threatening because it can cause bleeding in the brain. It is not used to treat hemorrhagic stroke.
Various brain
DNP

23. Alzheimer's Disease: Deeping sulci and and seperated gyri
Alzheimer's Disease: Deeping sulci and and seperated gyri. Causing memory loss, dementia, sometimes aggression

24. Hydrocephalus: Note the marked dilation of the cerebral ventricles
Hydrocephalus: Note the marked dilation of the cerebral ventricles. It can be due to lack of absorption of CSF or due to an obstruction to flow of CSF. High mortality rate.

25. Minor Problem: Dyslexia
Caused when the blood vessels of the brain form abnormally. Can cause reading and other reversal problems.

26. What do other neurons do?
Mirror Neurons in the Brain
PBS Special: 2005
14 minutes
On Mirror Neurons