1. How to Write the Continuity and Change Over Time Essay (CCOT)

2. Objectives Terminal Learning Objective (TLO): I expect you to be able to write an acceptable continuity and change essay. Enabling Learning Objective (ELO) #1: The first step is to be able to differentiate APWH themes.

3. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE OVER TIME The CCOT essay tests your ability to trace a broad trend or development over a long period of time

4. PIRATES  P – POLITICAL – who is in charge? Geography included  I – Intellectual – how did they express themselves etc.  R – RELIGION – what do they believe?  A – Artistic accomplisments  T – Technological advancement  E- Economic – Resources, trade, etc.  S- Social

5. Political Structure War Treaties Courts/Laws Leaders Popular participation Loyalty to leader

6. Intellectual/Arts Art and Music Writing/Literature Philosophy Math/Science Education Inventions

7. Religion Importance on societal interaction Holy Books Beliefs/Teachings Conversion – role of missionaries Sin/Salvation Deities

8. Artistic  Music  Paintings, Sculpture Architecture

9. Technological  Inventions, Innovations Industry

10. Economic State control on trade/industry Agriculture/Industry importance Labor systems Levels of Technology Levels of International Trade Gender and Slaves Money System

11. Social Family order – patriarchal, matriarchal Gender Relations – role of women, children Social Classes – slavery Entertainment Life Styles

12. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE OVER TIME –cultural interchange –global trade –the movement and migration of peoples –the role of minorities in a given society – the status of women –environmental issues –biological developments –changes in technology –artistic and cultural attitudes –scientific innovations Topics may include:

14. THOUGHTS TO CONSIDER BEFORE WRITING What were things like at the beginning of the assigned period? What changed? How and why did it change? What were things like at the end of the assigned period? What differences did those changes make? What remained the same?

15. Objectives TLO: I expect you to be able to write an acceptable continuity and change essay. ELO #2: The second step is to identify relevant continuities/change and understand the processes of continuity/change.

16. The Complexity of Change and Continuity Imagine a simple timeline that represents your own life. If you were to note the 8-10 most important events/changes on your timeline, along with continuities, what might that look like? |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| Analyze the changes and continuities in your life between 1999 (or the year born) and the present

17. Please see PDF Document of sample timeline of Mrs. Singleton’s life. It is posted in the handout section for your class.

18. Types of Change Type of Change Example Clear, definite “date” of beginning and end Move to Germany Clear, definite beginning “date,” but no ending date. Dad return from Vietnam Near fatal accident Clear beginning date, but significant developmental changes since that beginning. This “event” still exists, but is significantly different now compared to when it first started. Walking, talking, school Vague, slow, gradual process with no clear beginning or ending date Love of Dance and Performing Arts

19. Objectives TLO: I expect you to be able to write an acceptable continuity and change essay. ELO #3: The third step is to understand Periodization

20. Periodization Historical thinking involves the ability to describe, analyze, evaluate, and construct models of historical periodization that historians use to categorize events into discrete blocks and to identify turning points.

21. Periodization Our prompt – Analyze the changes and continuities in your life between 1999 and the present

22. Periodization Periodization helps to organize different groups in different places during a specific time period. Changes do not happen in a vacuum. Something, somewhere, had an influence on the change.

23. Objectives TLO: I expect you to be able to write an acceptable continuity and change essay. ELO #4: The fourth step is to understand the ability to construct a valid thesis for the APWH essays. In this case, it is the CCOT

24. Thesis Writing Analyze the changes and continuities in your life between 1999 and the present –Address what the question is asking.

25. Thesis Writing Analyze the changes and continuities in your life between 1999 and the present Minimal: (this will get you minimal pts.) Between 1997 and 2014 my life has been impacted by many changes but many aspects have been the same.

26. Thesis Writing Analyze the changes and continuities in your life between 1999 and the present Recommended: –Between 1999 and 2014 my life has changed because of the USMC, marriage, and the birth of my children but has stayed the same in regards to my faith and my love of baseball.

27. Thesis Writing So, the basic template is: Between __(beginning date)____ and __(ending date)______, ___(area you chose to write about___) changed in the area of ____(category(ies) from the prompt)___ but stayed the same in the area of __(the other category(ies) from the prompt).

28. Objectives TLO: I expect you to be able to construct an acceptable continuity and change essay. ELO #5: The final step before actually writing is to understand how to analyze the reasons for the change/continuity.

29. Analysis Good writing would require you to analyze the reasons for the continuities and changes –What caused each continuity or change? –Why were some changes sudden, while others were gradual? –Comparison to the larger (Global) Context (how does it fit with what was/is going on other places in the world?)

30. Characteristics at the Beginning of the Time Period Examples of Significant Changes, Turning Points, or Developments Note type of change (sudden, gradual, developmental) Characteristics at the end of Time Period Childhood Carefree Parental guidance No responsibility Religious values and influences established Work ethic Dance lessons Love of singing Relationships aquired Education Travel Physically fit 1. Flight Attendant career (sudden) 2. Education (formal and informal) gradual 3. Love for mentoring (gradual) Significant Continuities 1. Religious affiliation (gradual) 2. Love of performing arts (gradual) 3. Parents as a strong foundation Wife and Friend Travel Teacher Coach Responsible for others Motherhood Time management Discipline Generative stage Growing old gracefully Health issues Reasons Why Changes & Continuities Occured 1. Realized the fleeting nature of life during Desert Storm 2. Decision to teach and mentor youth as result of that realization 3. Faith helped me through many of the hard times

31. Characteristics at the Beginning of the Time Period Examples of Significant Changes, Turning Points, or Developments Note type of change (sudden, gradual, developmental) Characteristics at the end of Time Period 1. Death of my first born 2. Death of my favorite sibling 3. Heart attack Significant Continuities 1. Parental support 2. Strong religious foundation 3. Love of Dance and Performing Arts Reasons Why Changes & Continuities Occured 1. 2. 3.

33. CCOT Analyze the changes and continuity in the role of women in society between 1940 and today. 1.What is the question asking you to do? (Restate the verb in your own words.) 2.What is the object of the verb? –what? –when? –where?

34. Pink as Rosie

35. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE OVER TIME General Tips  Students should take 40 minutes to complete the CCOT essay  Students should spend 5 of the 40 minutes reading the question, reflecting on the question, and organizing thoughts concerning the essay  The CCOT will request that students analyze the evolution (progression/development) of a trend or phenomenon over a long period of time  Students will be asked to focus on a particular nation or geographical region and may be given a choice regarding which nation or region must be included in the essay

36.  students must concentrate on showing what changed and how it changed as well as what remained the same.