1. What is Culture?

2. There are 7 Themes of Culture
Social Organization
Customs and Traditions
Language
Arts and Literature
Religion
Forms of Government
Economic Systems

3. Social Organization Family is the most important social unit
Through family, children learn how to act, behave, what to believe, and the rules of a society
Family patterns differ from culture to culture
culture and knowledge is passed from one generation to another through discussion, observations, actions and discipline

4. Family Structure Nuclear Family
includes a wife, husband and their children
typical family pattern in industrial countries like the US
Extended Family
several generations living in one household
may include grandparents, parents, children, aunts uncles, cousins, etc.

5. Social Classes
Societies are divided in many ways, there are ranking systems
Here in the United States it is based upon such things as
education
money
physical possessions
who you know
In some societies you are born into a social class and you can not move out of it

6. Customs and Traditions
These help to teach and enforce a societies rules and expectations
these can include the idea of right and wrong
these can include ceremonies, holidays, family gatherings or events

7. Language Language is the cornerstone of Culture
it is how cultures express their ideas and pass them on from one generation to another
it can be verbal, non-verbal, written, including many different dialects, for example:
a southern accent
a New York accent

8. Arts and Literature
Cultures express their ideas and beliefs through their art
folk tales and other literature can express the view points of cultures
art, music, and literature help to strengthen a cultures identity

9. Religion
Religion helps people to answer basic questions about the meaning and purpose of life.
It also helps to support the values of a culture
religion is often reflected in paintings, music, architecture
religion has also been the source of many wars

10. Different gods Monotheism the belief in only one god examples:
Christianity
Islam
Judaism
Polytheism
the belief in two or more gods
examples:
Hinduism
Paganism

11. Forms of Government Why are Governments Formed?
Governments were originally formed to help people meet their basic needs
keeping order
protecting their society from outside threats
food
shelter
government refers to the people or person in control and the laws and political institutions

12. Early Governments
For much of human history, people lived in small groups
government was fairly simple, usually chiefs or councils made decisions for the tribe or group
as society expanded, government become more complicated
Early society were often lead by Priest-Kings, they were the connection between the gods and the people

13. What makes up a Government?
Someone or some body of people make the important decisions
there are laws and punishments for breaking those laws
there is a means of enforcing those laws
there are officials to help run the government
governments must raise funds so they can function

14. Forms of Government There are many types of government for example:
Democracy
Republic
Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
Communist
Socialist
Dictatorship

15. Brief Explanations
Democracy - the people have supreme power, and are involved in all decisions
Republic - people elect representatives to vote for them on government matters
Monarchy - a king or queen run the country
Constitutional Monarchy - a king or queen shares power with an elected body, each keeps the other in check

16. Brief Explanations continued
Communism - no private property, everyone owns everything, there are no class distinctions, the government makes all the economic decisions
Socialism - state owns the means of production, people in theory work together to achieve the greater good for society
Dictatorship - a person or group take power, often through military force and use the military to maintain their power

17. Economic Systems What is economics?
social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
What does economics have to do with Culture?
Economics influences the way we live, our lifestyle, our living situation, what we eat, wear, listen too, see on the media, etc.

18. Economic Systems There are four economic systems
Traditional economy
Market economy
Command economy
Mixed Economy
Each addresses the three basic economic questions of life: “What goods and services should we produce?” “How should we produce them?” “For whom should we produce them?”

19. Traditional Market People produce most of what they need to survive
hunting, gathering, and growing their own crops
make their own clothes, tools, etc.
if they have extra they trade for other goods
Individuals answer the basic economic questions
they buy and sell goods and services
they work for money to buy these goods
government is not involved in the market place

20. Command Mixed
The government controls what goods are produced, how they are produced, and what they cost
individuals have little economic power
the government controls the factories and the stores
Individuals make some economic decisions and the government makes others
government might make regulations about a product but private businesses make the products