1. Survey of Organisms in Microbiology

2. Taxonomy of infectious agents and parasites
Kingdoms example of organisms included
Monera bacteria
Protista protists, protozoa
Fungi molds, yeasts
Animalia helminthes, arthropods
Non-living agents
Viruses vary by nucleic acid type, capsid and envelope
Prions vary by tertiary structure and AA sequence

3. Bacteria Group Example Genus Gram positive bacteria
High GC Mycobacterium
Low GC Bacillus
Proteobacteria
alpha Rickettsia
beta Bordetella
gamma Escerichia
delta
epsilon Helicobacter
Spirochaetes Borrelia
Other groups

4. Protists Group Common name Example Mastigophora flagellates Giardia
Apicomplexa
sporozoans
Plasmodium
Sarcodina
amoebas
Entamoeba
Ciliophora
ciliates
Balantidium

5. Fungi Deuteromycota- fungi imperfecta Ascomycota- sac fungi
Although many are multicellular, some fungi (yeasts) are unicellular

6. Flat worms (Platyhelminthes)
Cestodes - tapeworms
Trematodes- flukes

7. Tapeworms (Cestodes)
Ingestion of feces
Ingestion of meat

8. Trematodes
feces
Ingestion of aquatic vegetation or penetration of larvae

9. Nematodes (round worms)
Some representatives of major groups
Hookworms –penetration
Pinworms-ingestion inhalation
Whipworms and Trichinella-ingetsion of meat
Ascaris worms- ingestion of feces
Guinea worms- ingestion of water and vector
Filarial worms-insect bite

10. Arthropods Insects-flies, bugs, lice, fleas, roaches
Arachnids-ticks and mites
Crustaceans- barnacles, copepods
Note: some of the above are vectors, some are parasites, some are both

11. Diseases caused by arthropods

12. Arthropods:Insects
Pediculosis- louse infestation with Pediculus humanis (body), P. capitis (head) or Pthirus pubis (crab louse)
chigoe Tunga penetrans

13. Insects Siphonaptera-fleas Diptera-flies Nematocera
Ceratopogonidae-no-see-ums, sand gnats
Culicidae-mosquitoes
Psychodidae-sand flies
Simuliidae-blackflies
Brachycera
Tabanidae-horse and deer flies
Cyclorrhapha
Muscidae-houseflies
Glossinidae-tetse flies
Miscelaneous families-Botflies, blowflies, bottleflies
Hemiptera-bugs
Reduviidae-conenose (kissing) bugs
Cimicidae-bed bugs
Dictyoptera
Blattidae-roaches
Anoplura-sucking lice

14. Myiasis
Fly maggots can be facultative or obligate parasites, the resulting diseases are collectively called myiasis
Squirrel bot fly: Cuterebra emasculator

15. Artrhopods: Mites (including ticks)
Arachnida
Acari
Ixodidae-hard ticks
Argasidae-soft ticks
Laelapidae-hematophagous mites
Dermanyssidae-hematophagous mites
Demodicidae-follicle mites
Trombiculidae-chiggers
Sarcoptidae-scabies mites
Ticks

16. Ticks Ticks are important vectors
Some species also cause tick paralysis
American dog tick
Lone star tick
Black legged tick (deer tick)

17. Scabies mites
Sarcoptes scabiei

18. Other Mites Follicle mites Demodex spp.
Chiggers Eutrombicula alfreddugesi

19. Viruses Classified by nucleic acid type
Divided into Orders (sometimes), Family, Genus, ad Species
Ex. Rhabdoviridae, Lissavirus, Rabies Virus

20. Viral nucleic acids dsDNA ssDNA dsRNA (+)RNA (-)RNA
RNA viruses often carry RNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase

21. Prions Infectious proteins
Normally found on surface of mammalian cells
Abnormal secondary and tertiary structures
Resistant to heat and radiation
Long ‘incubation’ period

22. Prion “replication”
Normal protein transformed from helices to beta pleated sheets