1. 旅游英语 Tourism English 第五 版 主 编 ： 潘惠霞、魏婧 出版单位：东北财经大学

2. UNIT 10 Contents Part One: Learning Objective Part Two: Text A : The Organization of a Hotel Part Three: Text B :Conrad Hilton （Ⅰ） Part Four: Words and Expressions from the Text Part Five: Notes to the Texts Part Six: Grammar and Exercises Part Seven:Comprehensive Exercises Part Eight:Supplementary Reading

3. Part One: Learning Objectives 学习目标 1. 课文 A: 饭店结构 2. 课文 B: 康拉德 · 希尔顿（ 1 ） 3. 语法：冠词 4. 补充阅读：招待业历史

4. Part Two: Text A:The Organization of a Hotel Small, individually owned properties without food and beverage and other services are able to operate with a small hotel staff, possibly with just the owners themselves and a maid or two to clean guest rooms. Most hotels, however, require a much more complex organizational structure that is comprised of six major departments. Certain aspects of hotel organization are clearly visible to guests, such as the lobby, front desk, and uniformed attendants. These are often called the “front of the house”. The “back of the house” consists of equally important, but less noticeable areas, such as the kitchen, storage areas, administration, engineering, and security.

5. Part Two: Text A:The Organization of a Hotel Administration. Every hotel needs a manager, assistant managers, and a group of people to handle the business aspects of the hotel’s operations. The people who work in the administration department include bookkeepers and other financial staff, and purchasing, sales, and marketing personnel. An important function of the administration department is to interview and select the hotel’s employees.

6. Front Office. The front office is the most visible department in all hotels and motels. Employees are in direct contact with the public; they handle reservations, room assignments, mail, and baggage, and provide information about activities in the hotel and surrounding area. A well-organized front office is essential to the smooth running of any lodging place. Housekeeping. Guest comfort is a top priority. Most hotels employ a large housekeeping (or rooms) department staff to ensure the cleanliness and neat appearance of guest rooms and public areas. Part Two: Text A:The Organization of a Hotel

7. Part Two: Text A:Skills Needed for a Competent Tour Guide Food and Beverage. If hotels have restaurants, banquet rooms, and cocktail lounges, the preparation and serving of food and beverages will be a major part of the hotel’s operations. More than half of the total hotel staff can be employed in this department. Engineering. The engineering staff have little or no contact with guests, but they play an important role in the day-to-day running of the hotel. It is the engineering staff’s responsibility to maintain and repair all mechanical and electrical equipment in the hotel.

8. Security. Few hotels felt the need to employ security staff until recent years, but for many large hotels (particularly in downtown areas) a security department is now essential. Security personnel work not only to protect hotel guests and their belongings, but also to protect hotel property. Hotels that offer more complex services need additional departments. Luxury resort properties may employ people to organize and supervise recreational activities. Large city hotels often have a separate convention department to handle conferences and other group meetings. Additional staff will be required if the hotel has onsite stores, concessions, and garage facilities. (Adapted from Passport) Part Two: Text A:The Organization of a Hotel

9. Part Three: Text B:Conrad Hilton （Ⅰ） When Conrad Hilton was a child ， his father ran a $1 per night rooming house for traveling salesmen who were passing through San Antonio, Texas. Conrad was the second of eight children. As a boy ， it was his job to meet late-night trains and guide travelers to the Hiltons’ large adobe house where five rooms were kept for guests. From this small beginning, Conrad Hilton built one of the greatest hotel empires of all times.

10. Hilton, the son of a Norwegian immigrant, was born in San Antonio in 1887. He attended Saint Michael’s College in Santa Fe, New Mexico. After graduation, he managed his father’s general store and traveled around New Mexico selling groceries to miners and trappers in exchange for gold dust and pelts. During World War I, Hilton served as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army. After the war in 1919, he went to Cisco, Texas, intending to spend ＄ 5, 000 to buy a bank. When the bank deal fell through ， Hilton purchased the 40- room Mobley Hotel instead. Part Three: Text B:Conrad Hilton （Ⅰ）

11. The Mobley was the beginning of Hilton’s hotel empire. Using profits from the Mobley, Hilton began buying and building other hotels in Texas. By 1930, when the Great Depression hit, Conrad Hilton had owned eight hotels. At a time when most other hotel owners ran into bankruptcy, Hilton managed to keep five of his hotels. After the Depression ended ， Hilton ventured out of Texas and started buying some of the most famous and luxurious hotels in the United States. Among his purchases were the Waldorf-Astoria and Plaza hotels in New York City, the Stevens and Palmer House hotels in Chicago, the Sir Francis Drake Hotel in San Francisco, and the May Flower Hotel in Washington D.C. Part Three: Text B:Conrad Hilton （Ⅰ）

12. Hilton renamed the Stevens Hotel in Chicago the Conrad Hilton. Usually, however, he did little to change the identity or character of the hotels he purchased. He believed that when he purchased a hotel, he was purchasing not just the building but the hotel’s history and traditions as well. (Adapted from Passport)

13. uniformed [  :  :  ] adj. assistant managers handle [  ] v. bookkeeper [   :  ] n. purchase [  :  ] v. marketing personnel the front office visible [  ] adj. baggage [  ] n. smooth [  :  ] adj. neat [  :  ] adj. beverage [  ] n. 穿制服的 助理经理 处理，操作 簿记员，记账人 购买 销售人员 前台 看得见的 行李 顺利的，平稳的 整洁的 饮料 Part Four : Words and Expressions from the Texts

14. banquet [  ] n. cocktail [  ] n. lounge [  ] n. downtown [  ] adj. convention [  ] n. onsite [   ] adj. concession [  ] n. adobe [  :] adj. Norwegian [  :   :  ] adj. general store grocery [  ] n. trapper [  ] n. 宴会 鸡尾酒 休息处，客厅 市中心的 传统 在场的 特许店 土坯建造的 挪威的 杂货店 杂货，食品 设陷阱捕兽的人 Part Four : Words and Expressions from the Texts

15. pelt [  ] n. lieutenant [   ] n. fall through luxurious [  ] adj. 毛皮 中尉；副官；助理人员 破灭，未能实现 奢侈的 Part Four : Words and Expressions from the Texts

16. The people who work in the administration department include bookkeepers and other financial staff, and purchasing, sales, and marketing personnel. 行政部门的人员有记账员、其他财务人员以及采购、销售和营销人员 组成。 A well-organized front office is essential to the smooth running of any lodging place. 一个有序的前台是任何旅馆保障顺利运行的必不可少的部门。 day-to-day running of the hotel 饭店日常运营 Conrad Hilton 康纳德 · 希尔顿 1887 年出生于新墨西哥州的圣安多尼奥，卒于 1979 年，是世界最大的 希尔顿旅馆业的创始人。他以独特的经营方式，将其旅馆业拓展到国 际范围。目前全球已有 1800 个希尔顿酒店。 Part Five: Notes to the Texts

17. From this small beginning, Conrad Hilton built one of the greatest hotel empires of all times. 康纳德 希尔顿把一个小小的旅馆建成了有史以来最大的饭店帝国。 By 1930, when the Great Depression hit, … 到了 1930 年大萧条来临时， …… San Antonio 圣安东尼奥 美国得克萨斯州第三大城市。位于圣安东尼奥河河源巴尔康尼斯陡崖 上，建于 1718 年。居民多西班牙 —— 墨西哥人后裔，不少人讲西班牙 语。 Part Five: Notes to the Texts

18. New Mexico 新墨西哥 美国西南部的一州。面积 31.5 万平方公里，首府圣菲。 1540 年，西班 牙探险家科罗纳多率领的探险队为寻找传说中的七座 “ 黄金城 ” 而到达 这里。 1610 年，西班牙人在圣菲建立第一个白人居民点， 1706 年建 立阿尔伯克基城。 1821 年，墨西哥发动反西班牙起义，宣布独立，新 墨西哥成为墨西哥一州。 1864——1848 年美墨战争后归美国， 1912 年成为美国的第 47 州。 As a boy ， it was his job to meet late-night trains and guide travelers to the Hiltons’ large adobe house where five rooms were kept for guests. 他还是个孩子时，他的工作就是接午夜火车，然后把客人带到希尔顿 的大土坯房子，那里为客人准备有五间房。 as a boy: 在句子中作状语。 as 意思为 when or while sb. is （ sth ），当 某人是（某身份）时。 Part Five: Notes to the Texts

19. 例 : As a child she was sent to six different schools. 她儿时前后上过六所学校。 It was his job to meet late-night trains and guide travelers to the Hilton’s large house... it 在这里是形式主语， to meet late-night trains and guide travels to 动 词不定式是主语。 例 : It’s very kind of you to be constantly thinking of helping handicapped. 你经常想到帮助残疾人是很好的。 It’s pointless to go there on Monday—there’s a public holiday. 星期一去那里是无用的，正逢公共假日。 Part Five: Notes to the Texts

20. Where five rooms were kept for guests. 为客人准备了五个房间。 keep （ sth. ） for sb. : 为某人（保）留某事 物，例 : We kept some sandwiches for the late-comers. 我们给晚来者留了些 三明治。 After graduation ， he managed his father’s general store and traveled around New Mexico selling groceries to miners and trappers in exchange for gold dust and pelts. in exchange for: 作为交换 ; （和...... 换...... ），例 : He wanted to give you his expensive watch in exchange for your game boy. 他想用他昂贵的手表换你的游戏机。 Part Five: Notes to the Texts

21. When the bank deal fell through ， Hilton purchased the 40-room Mobley Hotel instead. 当银行交易落空后，希尔顿买了拥有 40 个房间的莫伯莱酒店。 fall through: 落空，成为泡影。 例： Our hiking plan fell through because of the heavy rain. 我们的徒步旅行计划因那场大雨而成为泡影。 At a time ， when most other hotel owners went into bankruptcy ， Hilton managed to keep five of his hotels. 一度当大多数别的酒店业主纷纷破产时，希尔顿设法维持着他的酒店 中的五个。 at a time: 在某个时刻，一度。例： At a time ， rumor has it that he was fired by the company. 一度谣传 他被公司解雇了。 Part Five: Notes to the Texts

22. During World War I ， Hilton served as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army. 在第一次世界大战期间，希尔顿任美国陆军少尉。 serve as: 担任某职 务，充任。例 : Later ， he served as delegate to the United Nations. 后来，他又出任 联合国代表。 Texas: 得克萨斯 美国中南部一州，是美国本土 48 州中最大的一个州。首府奥斯汀。 San Francisco: 圣弗兰西斯科，即旧金山或三藩市，美国加利福尼亚 州北部港口城市。该城市是美国西部的文化和金融中心，也是美国最 国际化的城市之一。 Chicago: 芝加哥，美国第二大城市（按人口计 算），世界上最富有的工商业联合体之一。芝加哥在伊利诺州的北部， 密歇根湖的南端。 Part Five: Notes to the Texts

23. run into （ bankruptcy ） : 陷入（破产），例： Without running his business cautiously ， he ran into financial difficulties. 由于经营不慎，他陷入财政困境。 Among his purchases were the Waldorf-Astoria and... 此句是个倒装句，主语过长，故置于谓语后，以免头重脚轻。 He believed that when he purchased a hotel ， he was purchasing not just the building but the hotel’s history and traditions as well. 希尔顿相信当他购买一家酒店时，他购买的不仅仅是酒店的大楼，还 买到了其历史和传统。 as well: 也，还。例 : They all do military training as well. 他们也进行军事训练。 Part Five: Notes to the Texts

24. The Great Depression 大萧条 指 1929—— 约 1939 年发生于北美洲、欧洲和世界其他工业化地区的 经济衰退。 20 世纪 20 年代美国出现经济繁荣，这种繁荣到 1929 年 10 月以证券市场的崩溃而告终，接着就发生了大萧条，即长时期经济活 动的衰退；到 1932 年，美国已有 1/4 工人失业。大萧条立刻影响到欧 洲经济，使德国、英国和其他工业化国家数以百万计的工人陷于失业。 到 1932 年，由于各国纷纷放弃金本位制和设法限制外国货物进口，世 界贸易总值已减少了一半以上。大萧条在政治领域中有重大影响，它 增加了极端主义势力，降低了自由民主的威望。经济停滞一直持续到 1939 年第二次世界大战爆发的时候。大战爆发后，由于战争对人力和 军火的需求以及对工业技术的刺激而出现一个新的经济时期。 Part Five: Notes to the Texts

25. Part Six: Grammar:The Article 1 ．英语中冠词有两个：不定冠词 a (an) 和定冠词 the ，它们常常用于名 词前。 a 用在以辅音开头的名词或其它修饰词前，而 an 用于以元音开 头的名词或修饰词前。例如： It is a nice book. That is an interesting film. 但在以 u 或 h 字母开头的单词前，是用 a 还是用 an 要根据这个词的发音 而定。例如： He is staying at a hotel. Do you think this is a useful book? What an unusual person he is! He was here an hour ago. 2. 不定冠词用于： 1) 可数名词单数前表示 one, any 或 each ，例如： I wrote a letter to him yesterday. 2) 表示职业的名词前；例如： She is a nurse.

26. 3) 在 few, little 前，表示 “ 一些 ” ；还用于 such 之后，例如： We still have a few books to read. I have a little money left. You are such a kind man! 4) 在作同位语用的名词前说明前面的名词，例如： Alan Lee, a clerk, was promoted. 5) 在感叹句中可数名词前，例如： What a stupid idea! 3. 不定冠词不可用于下列情况： 1) 不可数名词前；例如： Water is needed here. 2) 抽象名词前；例如： He lacks courage in his character. Part Six: Grammar:The Article

27. 4. 定冠词用于： 1) 表示独一无二的东西的名词前，例如： The sun rises in the east. 2) 听者已知的人或物的名词前，例如： This is the person I told you about. 3) 在表示群岛、群山、江、河、海、洋、沙漠及乐器等名词前，例 如： The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world. The Sahara is the largest desert. 4) 在用普通名词组成的专有名词前，例如： The United States is one of the largest countries in the world. 5) 在最高级前，例如： The more you eat, the more weight you put on. Part Six: Grammar:The Article

28. 6) 在有定语修饰的名词前，例如： The Battle of Waterloo was fought in the year 1815. 7) 在饭店、船只或其它组织机构建筑物、报纸等名词前，例如： The Hilton is situated at the center of the town. The Queen Elizabeth was ready to start her first voyage. 8) 在形容词前表示一类人或物，例如： The poor here live a miserable life. 9) 在可数名词前表示一类人或物，例如： The lion is the king of beasts. Part Six: Grammar:The Article

29. Part Six: Grammar Exercises Choose the right choice to fill in the blanket in each sentence. She went to _________ early. (a bed/ the bed/ bed) When will your youngest son go to ________? (a university/ an university/ university) They go to _______ every morning. (a church/ the church/ church) Mobsters are a danger to the peace of __________. (a society/ the society/ society) ___________of some trees is harder than that of others. (Wood/ The wood) In ________ much has been done to improve the traffic situation in Hong Kong. (recent years/the recent years) ________ are islands in the Pacific. (The Carolines/ Carolines) _________ called just now, but he didn’t mention his full name. (Mr. Wong/ A Mr. Wong/ The Mr. Wong) This is undoubtedly a work of ________. (art/ the art) The spacecraft was lost in _________. (a space/ the space/ space)

30. ________ is a happy time for children. (Chinese New Year/ The Chinese New Year) Durian costs a dollar ______. (a pound/ the pound) I am not interested in ______.(sports/ the sports) The judge was truly ________. (a Solomon/ the Solomon) __________ are a hardworking people. (Chinese/ The Chinese) The musician was an expert on ________. (violin/ the violin) Go and have _________ before we set out. (a sleep/ some sleep/ the sleep/ sleep) Jane is _______ of the girls in class. (cleverest/ the cleverest) He has made ________ from illicit trade. (a huge fortune/ the huge fortune/ huge fortune) He bought a new pair of __________. (trousers/ the trousers) Part Six: Grammar Exercises

31. January is the first month of __________. (a year/ the year) _________ is a side occupation of many of the poorer families. (Plastic Flower assembling / The plastic flower assembling) Who does all __________ at home? (washing/ the washing) He left for Singapore by _________. (a ship/ the ship/ ship) More should be done for __________ in Hong Kong. (underprivileged/ the underprivileged) They say Charlie is the richest man in __________. (town/ the town) We go to _________ oven on Saturday. (school/ the school) Who is the tallest boy in __________ ？ (class/ the class) ___________ certainly enjoy many privileges. (A rich/ Rich/ The rich) The Commander of the squadron was killed in ________. (an air crash/ air crash) Part Six: Grammar Exercises

32. __________ are fierce animals. (Tigers/ The tigers) We met him in the street ________. (an other day/ the other day) He has been learning _________ for many years. (English/ the English) They came __________. (last Monday/ the last Monday) We woke up early __________. (next morning/ the next morning) It usually drizzles in _________. (spring/ the spring) Pessimists say _________ is a bore.(life/ the life) Have you ever been to __________? (a hospital/ the hospital/ hospital) The family gather for ________ (a Christmas/ the Christmas/ Christmas) Did you have __________ at the party? (a wonderful time/ wonderful time) Part Six: Grammar Exercises

33. She told me she was interested in _____. (an industry/ the industry/industry) The police found the murder weapon at ______ of the pond.(thebottom/ bottom We went on ________ to the countryside. (a trip/ the trip) Can you list ten uses of _______ ? (an article/ the article/ articles) There are ________ of books in the library. (a plenty/ plenty) He came in _______ in the 100 meter race. (a second/ the second/second) They went in the direction _____ pointed to. (natives/ the natives) She always wears _________. (glasses/ the glasses) He told his mother that he wanted to be ________. (an architect/ the architect/architect) ________ is a rich nation. (United States/ The United States) Part Six: Grammar Exercises

34. Who is _______of your school? (Principal/ the Principal) That is ________ more expensive car than ours. (a/ the) The two books are of _________. (a same size/ the same size) The two books are of_________. (a similar size/ the similar size) Mother does most of ________ at home. (cleaning/ the cleaning) Never call a person ________. (a liar/ the liar/ liar) The farmer keeps hundreds of ________. (pigs/ the pigs) They elected him ________ of the team. (captain/ the captain) It is ________ interesting story. (a/ an/ the) We consider dogs _______. (a useful animal/ useful animal/ the useful animal) Part Six: Grammar Exercises

35. Bernard Shaw, ______ died in 1950. (a great playwright/ the great playwright) What _______! (a fine morning/ fine morning) Alice Wong, ________, won in the beauty contest. (a secretary/ the secretary/ secretary) He was finally persuaded to give up _______. (a tobacco/ the tobacco/tobacco) ________ is a bird of prey. (Eagle/ The eagle) He withdrew from the political scene at ________ of his career. (a height/ the height) This is _________ he wrote. (a letter/ the letter) _________ is served! (A dinner/ The dinner/ Dinner) _______ rises in the east. (The sun/ Sun) The more people that come __________. (the merrier/ merrier) Part Six: Grammar Exercises

36. __________ finest tobacco is grown in Turkey. (A/ The) ________ Eugene Ionesco, is renowned for his absurd plays. (A playwright/ The playwright/ Playwright) _______ sank after a great fire. (Seawise University/ The Seawise University) It was _________. (an exceptional case/ a exceptional case) Archeologists found ancient scrolls in the caves near _________. (Dead Sea/ the Dead Sea) _________ died in exile in Paris. (Duke of Windsor/ The Duke of Windsor) Wouldn’t it be _________ premature to talk about success? (a little/ little) He has _________ chance of success. (a little/ little) It is __________ lovely morning! (such/ such a) ________ is the world’s largest ocean. (Pacific/ The Pacific) Part Six: Grammar Exercises

37. He stayed at _________ when he was in Hong Kong. (the Mandarin/ Mandarin) We all believe that he is _________. (a honest man/ an honest man) She felt __________ upset when she heard the bad news. (a little/ little) A miser is one who hoards ___________. (money/ the money) He is _________by birth. (English/ an English) Children believe in the existence of__________. (Santa Claus/ a Santa Claus) The case will be heard at _________ next Monday. (a court/ the court/ court) Will you go down __________this afternoon? (the town/ town) At ___________ there are two beautiful floating restaurants. (the Aberdeen/ Aberdeen) Do you believe in __________? (the ghosts/ ghosts) Part Six: Grammar Exercises

38. No human being can change the law of ________. (the nature/ nature) Which chapter deals with the use of ___________ ? (the noun and the pronoun/ the noun and pronoun/ noun and pronoun) Do you prefer ____________? (the tea to the coffee/ the tea to coffee/ tea to coffee) _________ has preserved some of the world’s greatest works of art. (The Louvre/ Louvre) We are going to Macao for holiday at ________. (the Easter/ Easter) _________ is something difficult to explain in a few words. (Atomic energy/ The atomic energy) The victims of the accident claimed _________ from the insurance company. (a huge damages/ huge damages) They bought their clothes at __________. (the Sincere’s / Sincere’s) Part Six: Grammar Exercises

39. ___________, Camelot, attracted a large audience. (A play/ The play) The faster the airplane flies _______ it becomes. (more dangerous/the more dangerous) Part Six: Grammar Exercises

40. Part Seven: Comprehensive Exercises 1.Answer the following questions according to the texts. ① What are the major departments of a hotel? ② Name some less noticeable departments in a hotel. ③ Who work in the administration department in a hotel? ④ What are the functions of the administration department in a hotel? ⑤ Which department in a hotel consists of the largest number of staff? ⑥ How did Conrad build his hotel empire? ⑦ What did Conrad do after World War I? ⑧ How many hotels did Conrad own during the Great Depression? ⑨ Name some of the most famous and luxurious hotels in the United States. ⑩ What is the original name for the Conrad Hilton?

41. 2.Fill in each blank with the correct forms of the words or expressions given in the brackets. (handle, purchase, smooth, neat, downtown, convention, concession, grocery, fall through, luxurious ) ① I hope the plan doesn’t ________ a second time owing to lack of funds. ② By ________ the deputy leader is always a woman. ③ Brown asked his friend to go in with him on the ________ of a ship. ④ She run a jewellery ________ in the hotel lobby. ⑤ I receive a letter from her in her ________ script. ⑥ By no means was he able to ________ it. ⑦ She summed up the bills from the ________. ⑧ Her tender looks seemed to ________ away his worry. Part Seven: Comprehensive Exercises

42. ⑨ A new skyscraper has been put up ________. ⑩ She tried hard to retrieve her ________ life. 3. Translate the following phrases into Chinese. ① is comprised of ② less noticeable areas ③ a top priority ④ the Great Depression ⑤ run into bankruptcy Part Seven: Comprehensive Exercises

43. 4. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word. ( The first letter of the word has been given. ) The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the s industry that includes l, restaurants, e planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry. The h industry is a several b dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and d income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or even an a park c of multiple groups such as facility m, direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, bartenders, etc.), management, marketing, and human r. Part Seven: Comprehensive Exercises

44. Part Eight: Supplementary Reading Part Eight: Supplementary Reading 阅读文章, 注意黑体字部分的词义。 History of the Hospitality Industry Why do we care? As many scholars begin to look for jobs in a market economy that seems to shrink ( 萎缩，衰退 ) every day, it is good to see a glimmer ( 微光 ) of hope. As many top corporations in every sector struggle to make a profit, the hospitality industry actually shows a sizeable amount of growth. Between 2009 and 2014, this trend is supposed to continue; the industry has been adding 17 percent more wage and salary jobs each year.

45. Part Eight: Supplementary Reading The hospitality industry has also been providing many young people with their first jobs—more than 21 percent of the workers in these establishments were between 16 and 19 years old. This is about 5 times the proportion in any other industry. With so much growth, the hospitality industry is a business sector worth keeping an eye on, both for those looks for jobs and those looking to invest. We cannot get ahead of ourselves though! Before really understanding the whole picture, we must first look at where the hospitality industry originated.

46. Origins Caring for travelers has been a fundamental element of civilized societies since long before the birth of the hospitality company or the Holiday Inn Express. In ancient Greece, guest rights were one of the few established sets of conventions that were universally accepted amongst diverse cultures within the Greek world. Likewise, stewardship ( 服务员的服务 ) towards guests can be seen extensively in biblical passages ( 《圣经》篇章 ). Hospitality did not begin in the Bible or in Greece; it has existed since man first established permanent settlements. Before then, the concept of hospitality could not exist as everyone was nomadic. Ever since, hospitality has become more than an isolated cultural establishment—but a worldwide occurrence ( 事件 ) reflective of basic humanity. Part Eight: Supplementary Reading

47. In the Dark Ages ( 中世纪 ) travelers had little choice except to stay in monasteries that offered food and shelter. Throughout the Middle Ages, local lords would take turns hosting the king and his royal court as they traveled. The idea of hosting travelers was taken even further when trade and commerce began to boom, prompting taverns ( 酒馆 ) and inns to arise, especially in ports cities. History of the Hospitality Industry Hospitality has since evolved into a highly competitive industry. The word itself has taken on a whole new meaning now that leisure time and travel are available to the masses. Hospitality is no longer just about getting from point A to point B, but also how you get there and how much you enjoy your stay. Part Eight: Supplementary Reading

48. Tourism has fueled ( 加速，提供助力 ) incredible growth throughout the history of the hospitality industry because people love to travel and need a place to stay. Intelligent economic planners have begun to realize the vast potential of the hospitality industry and are keen to take advantage. This means providing for all the wants and needs of potential guests. Accordingly, hospitality has expanded to include entertainment, luxury lodging, dining, etc. It is also beginning to include an activity referred to as “medical tourism”. Beyond just traveling to a destination to receive medical treatment, people now choose to include dining options, entertainment, and other activities in their trip. Part Eight: Supplementary Reading

49. At one time travel agents almost controlled the hospitality industry. They were largely responsible for creating consumer’s travel plans and offering specified rates. Now, with the invention of the internet and other electronic channels, new media is able to offer an avenue ( 渠道 ) for hospitality companies to gain an edge. While large chains and big time destinations can afford traditional marketing channels, smaller, independent entities can gain an advantage through new hospitality concepts. Companies such as Expedia, Tripadvisor, and TravelCLICK help level the playing field and empower the host as well as the traveler more than ever before in the history of the hospitality industry. (Adapted from http://www.squidoo.com/historyofthehospitalityindustry) Part Eight: Supplementary Reading

50. Thank you !