1. Italian GHG Inventory Waste sector Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen APAT Agency for the protection of the environment and for technical services Barbara Gonella

2. Institutions involved in the compiling of national emission inventory The national Agency for the Protection of the environment and for Technical services (APAT) is responsible for the compilation of the national air emission inventory – including the waste sector - through the collection, elaboration and diffusion of data, in the framework of the United Nation Convention on Climate Change and the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollutant. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen

3. Relevance of the waste sector for Italy in 2003 (GHG in CO 2 eq) Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen

4. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Key categories In the following box, key and non-key sources of the waste sector are presented based on level, trend or both. CH4 emissions from landfills and from wastewater handling, and N2O emissions from wastewater handling, are key sources according to both level and trend assessment.

5. Relevance of the sub-sources in the waste sector in 2003 (GHG in CO 2 eq) Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen

6. Methodologies, procedures, sources of activity data to estimate GHG emissions from waste sector Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen

7. Annual Report by APAT specifically on Waste Production and Management (available from 1996) Yearly Report by the National Statistic Institute Sector Studies by Environmental Ministry Communications by Waste Management Industrial Union Main sources of activity data Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Yearly Report by the National Energy Manager

8. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Critical assumption and parameters to estimate GHG emissions from waste sector Solid Waste Disposal on Land WASTE COMPOSITION: Study at national level available for 1995; improvement are expected due to entering in force of landfill Directive. CH4 FRACTION IN BIOGAS (F): IPCC value (50%); improvement are expected due to entering in force of landfill Directive. CH4 RECOVERED: Data on landfill gas flared available for 1991-1992-1993. Data on energy recovered from landfill gas, available yearly from 1990 published by the National Energy Manager. Recent research (2003), quite complete, for Lombardy Region on landfill gas recovered (both flared and energy use).

9. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Critical assumption and parameters to estimate GHG emissions from waste sector Solid Waste Disposal on Land

10. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Critical assumption and parameters to estimate GHG emissions from waste sector Wastewater Handling In Italy wastewater handling is managed mainly using aerobic treatment plants, where the complete-mix activated sludge process is more frequently designed. It is assumed that domestic and commercial wastewaters are treated 100% aerobically, whereas industrial wastewaters are treated 85% aerobically and 15% anaerobically. The stabilization of sludge, both in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants, occur in aerobic or anaerobic reactors; whereas anaerobic digestion is used, the reactors are of course covered and provided of gas recovery. A percentage from 2 to 5% of domestic and commercial wastewater is treated in Imhoff tanks, where the digestion of sludge occur anaerobically without gas recovery

11. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Critical assumption and parameters to estimate GHG emissions from waste sector Waste Incineration A complete data base of incineration plants has been built. For each plant a lot of information has been included, among which: the year of the construction and possible upgrade; the typology of combustion chamber and gas treatment section; if the plant is provided of energy recovery (thermal or electric); the type and amount of waste incinerated (municipal, industrial, etc.).

12. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Critical assumption and parameters to estimate GHG emissions from waste sector Compost Production The amount of waste treated in composting plant has shown a 17- fold increase from 1990 to 2003 (363,519 t to 6,090,638 t) Composting from unselected waste. 100% to compost 30% to compost Information published by APAT on waste treatment plants: Composting from selected waste fractions (market, garden and park, food industry).

13. The Centralized Review took place in Bonn, from 11 to 15 October 2004. Italy was encouraged to review the maximum CH 4 generation rate used for the whole time series (k=0.4). The new value (k=0.26) has been calculated on the basis of the national waste composition. The next September 2005, Italy will host the In-country Review. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Issues by UNFCCC Review Process

14. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen QA/QC Procedures Solid Waste Disposal on Land A comparison of the national EFs and parameters used for the estimation with the default IPCC values has been done. The main difference refers to the average DOC in the waste and depends on the Italian waste composition. Wastewater Handling Industrial specific documentation in the sectors of pulp and paper, food and beverages, leather, such as Environmental Report or technical documentation has been used with the aim to verify wastewater flows and COD concentrations. Average amount of wastewater per annual production has been compared also with those reported in the technical reports developed in the framework of the Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control (IPPC) Directive of the European Union.

15. Waste Incineration Different sources, included APAT and Environmental Ministry, have been used and compared with the aim to reconstruct the time series of municipal, industrial, hospital waste, sludge and waste oil incinerated in each plant with or without energy recovery. QA/QC Procedures Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Compost Production In addition to information on national composting plants, the Composting Industrial Union provide additional data.

16. Uncertainty UNCERTAINTY: no specific analysis are available; expert judgment and IPCC Good Practice Guidance has been used. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen CO2 CH4 N2O COMB.ADEFCOMB.ADEFCOMB.ADEF 6.A Solid Waste Disposal on Land 22.4%10%20% 6.B Wastewater Handling 58%50%30%42.530% 6.CWaste Incineration25%5%25% 6.D Other (Compost Production) 100% 10%100%

17. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Time series consistency Solid Waste Disposal on Land EXAMPLE The complete database from 1975 of waste production, waste disposal in managed and unmanaged landfills and sludge disposal in landfills has been reconstructed on the basis of available data reported in different sources national legislation and regression models based on population.

19. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Consistency of inventory between energy and waste sector Reporting of waste incineration Emissions from waste incineration facilities without energy recovery are reported under category 6C. Emissions from waste incineration facilities which produce electricity or heat for energetic purposes are reported under categories 1A2 (Manufacturing industries and construction) and 1A4a (Commercial/Institutional), according to the IPCC reporting guidelines. In 2003, waste incineration reported under 6C accounts for 167.7 Gg CO 2, whereas the emissions reported under 1A accounts for 1,175.3 Gg CO 2.

20. Workshop on Inventories and Projections of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste 2-3 May 2005, EEA Copenhagen Consistency of inventory between energy and waste sector

21. Contact Riccardo De LauretisBarbara Gonella delauretis@apat.itgonella@apat.it http://www.apat.gov.it