1. Political Geography By: Graham D. And Nitzan F.

2. Political Geography The study of the political organization of the world.

3. How Is Space Politically Organized Into States and Nations? State- a politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a government To officially become a state, it must be recognized by other states

4. Territoriality Robert Sack defines territoriality as “the attempt by an individual or group to affect, influence, or control people, relationships, and phenomena, by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area Sack sees human territoriality as a key ingredient in the construction of both social and political spaces

5. Territoriality Robert Audrey argued that human territoriality is analogous to the instinct in animals to control and defend territory Sack argued back that human territoriality takes many different forms, depending on the social and geographical context, and should not be compared to animal instinct Sovereignty- A principle relationship of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states.

6. Nations-State Nation- as a culturally defined group of people with a shared past and a common future who relate to a territory and have political goals Nation-State: a politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same area

7. Multistate Nations, Multinational States, and Stateless Nations Multination State- A state with more than one nation within its borders Multistate Nation- When a nation stretches across borders and across states Stateless Nation- Nations that do not have a state

8. Construction of the Capitalist World Economy Wallerstein defines world-system theory in 3 tenants. 1.The world economy has one market and a global division of labor. 2.Although the world has multiple states, almost everything takes place within the contexts of the world economy 3.The world economy has a 3-tier structure

9. How Do States Spatially Organize Their Governments? Centripetal Forces- Forces that unify people together and attract them to certain places Centrifugal Forces- Forces that divide people and/or push them out of countries Government tend to focus on the forces that would benefit them the most. Ex. India and China would focus on centrifugal forces because of it’s overpopulation

10. Form of Government Federal System- A system in which state territories are divided into regions, substates, provinces, or cantons. Unitary System- A system with one, all- powerful government

11. Electoral College Territorial Representation- A region picks a person to represent them in governmental decision making Reapportionment- the process by which districts are moved according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same amount of people. Gerrymandering- A form of redistribution in which electoral districts or constituency boundaries are deliberately modified for electoral advantage

12. Why Are Boundaries Established, And Why Do Boundaries Disputes Occur? Boundary- A vertical plane that cuts through the rocks below and airspace above, dividing one state territories from another Types of boundaries Geometric Boundaries- Boundaries defined by latitudinal and longitudinal lines Physical-political: Boundaries that follow an agreed-upon feature in the physical geographic landscape

13. FIN Any questions???