1. Modern American History
Final Exam Review
Modern American History

2. steelworkers and welders. factory managers.
During World War II, which jobs did women begin to fill as men headed off to war?
household servants.
cooks and sales clerks.
steelworkers and welders.
factory managers.

3. What finally brought an end to World War II?
a massive Soviet invasion of the Japanese islands
the appeasement of Germany
a U.S. naval blockade of Japan
the dropping of atomic bombs by the United States on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

4. promoting anti-Semitism. avoiding the issue of racism.
What did the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) charged numerous Hollywood figures with?
promoting anti-Semitism.
avoiding the issue of racism.
spying for the Soviet Union.
being sympathetic to Communist ideas.

5. What impact did Joseph McCarthy have on American society?
His actions promoted intolerance.
He strengthened the United States Army.
He encouraged Americans to stand up for their civil rights.
He created opposition to United States involvement in Latin American affairs.

6. to limit Jewish immigration into the region
Why did the United States become involved in Middle Eastern affairs after World War II?
to limit Jewish immigration into the region
to prevent oil-rich Arab nations from falling under Soviet influence
to discourage the founding of a Jewish homeland in the region
to overthrow dictatorships in Arab nations

7. In the 1930’s, what did Italy, Germany, and Japan have in common?
They overturned traditional governments and established democracies.
They were economic giants and together controlled world trade.
They sought to solve their nations’ problems through imperialism.
They angered other nations by their persecution of the Jews.

8. By 1940, which country had gained control of most of Western Europe?
Italy
Japan
Germany
Russia

9. Prejudice and fears caused by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
What led the government to evacuate Japanese Americans from the West Coast?
Prejudice and fears caused by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
terrorist attacks by immigrants living on the West Coast
fear for the safety of Japanese Americans on the West Coast
refusal of the Nisei to accept United States citizenship

10. Why did the United States emerge from the Great Depression?
It froze rent and price increases.
Active military production of goods for World War II.
It increased the production of consumer goods.
It allocated raw materials for Australia

11. Which statement best describes satellite nations?
nations in debt to the World Bank
nations that belonged to NATO
nations west of the iron curtain
nations dominated by the Soviet Union

12. free trade. collective security. appeasement. isolationism.
Upon which principle was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) based?
free trade.
collective security.
appeasement.
isolationism.

13. What was the United States goal in Latin America during the Cold War?
To build nuclear weapons bases in Central America.
To encourage the countries of Latin America to join the League of Nations.
To protect American financial investments and democracy in Latin America.
To prevent Fidel Castro from taking over Bolivia.

14. What was the purpose of the Manhattan Project?
to develop an atomic bomb.
to devise a strategy for invading Japan.
to build eight new aircraft carriers.
to defend New York City from submarine attacks.

15. What was the ultimate goal of the Allied island-hopping strategy?
to bomb Japan
to win the Battle of the Coral Sea
to retake Pearl Harbor
to defend China

16. Which statement best describes the Cold War?
a U.S.-Soviet friendship.
the gradual decline of Soviet power.
American and Soviet isolationism.
political tensions and military conflict around the world

17. What was a goal of the Marshall Plan?
to help the United States buy its way into Latin American affairs
to create stable democracies in Europe that could resist communism
to develop strong trading partners in Asia
to force the Soviet Union to allow more emigration

18. How was Korea divided at the end of World War II?
two nations, one democratic and one communist
two nations, one communist and one fascist
two nations, one democratic and one totalitarian
two nations, one communist and one imperialist

19. deterrence. containment. brinkmanship. the Truman Doctrine
What is the policy of making U.S. military power so strong that no enemy would attack for fear of retaliation?
deterrence.
containment.
brinkmanship.
the Truman Doctrine

20. What was the result of the launching of Sputnik?
proved the superiority of American technology.
greatly increased Eisenhower’s popularity.
plunged the United States into a series of three recessions.
caused Congress to increase spending on teaching science and mathematics.

21. After World War II, what were most American women were expected to do?
become active politicians
return to full-time homemakers
become leaders in social causes
be second income earners

22. In the 1950’s, what replaced many unique stores who had ties with the local community?
the franchise system, such as McDonald’s.
television.
the computer industry.
the rise in per capita income.

23. They were shocked by the police violence.
How did civil rights opponents react after watching television coverage of police brutality against civil rights protesters?
They were shocked by the police violence.
They were angry with the peaceful protesters.
They were supportive of the actions of the police.
They were uninterested in the confrontation.

24. To get “Bull” Connor prosecuted for police brutality.
What was the goal of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the March on Washington (1963) participants?
To get “Bull” Connor prosecuted for police brutality.
To convince Congress to pass civil rights legislation.
To prevent the reelection of President Kennedy.
To do battle with the police of Washington, D.C.

25. What happened after Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
the civil rights movement slowly ended.
white Southerners still prevented most African Americans from voting.
many African Americans were elected to office at all levels.
the Supreme Court declared the law unconstitutional

26. How did the National Urban League help African Americans?
by helping newcomers to large cities find homes and jobs
by providing legal support to defend them in court
by providing them with good medical care
by helping them to integrate lunch counters

27. He blamed civil rights activists.
How did President Kennedy respond to the riot over James Meredith’s admission to the University of Mississippi?
He ignored the riot.
He blamed civil rights activists.
He condemned the university but did not interfere with local officials.
He sent army troops to restore order and protect Meredith.

28. What was the goal of the Selma March?
to integrate bus terminal lunch counters
to get more low-cost housing built
to get voting rights legislation passed
to protest “Bull” Connor’s tactics

29. to fight for greater integration with white society
Before his pilgrimage to Mecca, what did Malcolm X encourage African Americans to do?
to fight for greater integration with white society
to separate themselves from white society
to love and pray for white people
to abandon violent, militant tactics in favor of civil disobedience

30. President Truman ordered an end to discrimination in what?
Arkansas
the armed forces (military)
labor unions
the transportation industry

31. What did the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education end?
the “separate but equal” doctrine.
Jackie Robinson’s career in baseball.
Eisenhower’s support of civil rights.
discrimination in the hiring of federal employees.

32. How did Eisenhower use the Arkansas National Guard in 1957?
To enforce school integration.
To uphold the “separate but equal” doctrine.
To protect factories from striking workers.
To support the governor of Arkansas.

33. What were Freedom Rides supposed to test?
a Supreme Court decision
the desegregation of buses
a congressional decree
the character of local police officers

34. What did the Black Panthers want African Americans to do?
end the urban riots.
lead their own communities.
practice nonviolent protest.
join interracial groups.

35. In 1961, what did President Kennedy commit NASA and the nation to do?
expanding the nation’s highway system.
landing a man on the moon within the decade.
replacing Fidel Castro with Fulgencio Batista as ruler of Cuba.
overhauling the nation’s military forces.

36. Which was a major part of Johnson’s Great Society?
a tax increase
aid to foreign countries
Reductions in healthcare legislation
antipoverty programs

37. What happened as a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Fidel Castro was removed from power.
the United States set up missile sites in Cuba.
the United States increased investments in Cuba.
the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba.

38. Which brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war?
the Cuban Missile Crisis
the signing of the Limited Test Ban Treaty
the Panamanian riot
the Bay of Pigs invasion

39. to keep European nations out of Latin American
Which best describes the guiding principle behind the foreign policies of Kennedy and Johnson?
to keep European nations out of Latin American
to stifle Asian trade to benefit European trade
to make peace with the Soviet Union
to stop the spread of communism

40. Why did the Soviets build the Berlin Wall?
To prevent an American invasion.
To keep Kennedy from building up American defenses.
To divide Berlin.
To prevent East Germans from fleeing to the democratic West.

41. To organize rebel groups. To teach children American customs.
Peace Corps volunteers worked in poor areas around the world. What was their goal?
To organize rebel groups.
To teach children American customs.
To distribute money.
To raise the standard of living.

42. What was a goal of the American Indian Movement?
to organize migrant workers.
autonomy, or self-government, for Native Americans.
compensation for property losses as a result of internment.
to give up homestead claims on federal land.

43. declining numbers of women attending college.
What caused women’s frustration that led to the women’s movement of the 1960s?
declining numbers of women attending college.
increasing household responsibilities.
various forms of job discrimination.
their inability to pass a constitutional amendment.

44. During the Vietnam War, what role did television play?
To promote an understanding between Americans and the Vietnamese.
To develop enthusiasm for the American war effort in Vietnam.
To bring the brutality of the war into people’s living rooms.
To reveal the contents of classified military documents.

45. conscientious objectors. Viet Cong.
What were people who opposed fighting the war on moral or religious grounds known as?
freedom fighters.
men of honor.
conscientious objectors.
Viet Cong.

46. strengthening South Vietnam
What principle, described by President Eisenhower, became associated with American involvement in Southeast Asia?
containment
dividing Vietnam
the domino theory
strengthening South Vietnam

47. How did the Vietnam War affect the United States?
democracy was established in Laos and Cambodia
many refugees came to the United States from Southeast Asia
Communist ruled of Southeast Asia
the American President became more powerful

48. Why did the Vietnam War finally end in 1975?
The North Vietnam surrendered.
U.S. forces invaded Cambodia.
Nixon signed a peace treaty with North Vietnam.
North Vietnam gained control over all of Vietnam.

49. What was an outcome of the Watergate scandal?
Nixon was impeached
Gerald Ford resigned.
Nixon was convicted by the Senate.
Nixon resigned

50. What was the greatest foreign policy accomplishment during the Nixon years?
keeping China’s seat in the United Nations away from the People’s Republic of China
recognizing the Communist government of the Soviet Union
bringing about a détente (relaxation of tension) among America, the Soviet Union and China
mending the rifts between China and the Soviet Union

51. Why did Gerald Ford pardon Richard Nixon?
Congress insisted on it.
he thought it was the right thing to do.
he thought Nixon was innocent.
Nixon had made him Vice President

52. Geneva Accords Peace of Paris Camp David Accords Treaty of Versailles
President Carter assumed the role of peacemaker to negotiate which of the following between Israel and Egypt?
Geneva Accords
Peace of Paris
Camp David Accords
Treaty of Versailles

53. the hostage crisis in Iran. the decline of the New Right.
What factor contributed to Ronald Reagan defeating President Carter in the 1980 presidential election?
the Persian Gulf War.
the Camp David Accords.
the hostage crisis in Iran.
the decline of the New Right.

54. What distinction did Sandra Day O’Connor achieve in 1981?
She became the first female American astronaut.
She became the first female Republican candidate for vice president.
She became the first female Speaker of the House.
She became the first female Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

55. They strengthened Eastern European support for the Communist system.
How did the Soviet policies of perestroika and glasnost help bring an End to the Cold War?
They strengthened Eastern European support for the Communist system.
They convinced the United States to end its military buildup.
They helped cause the fall of Communist regimes in Eastern Europe.
They banned the demonstrations of Polish workers in the Gdansk shipyard.

56. He wanted to protect the flow of oil to the West.
Why did President George H. W. Bush respond forcefully to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in the early 1990s?
He wanted to protect the flow of oil to the West.
He wanted to keep the United Nations out of any conflict.
He feared that Iraq would invade the United States next.
He feared the spread of communism in the Middle East.

57. Why did the Persian Gulf War begin in the early 1990s?
Saddam Hussein launched a nuclear warhead.
Saddam Hussein invaded Iraq.
Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait.
Saddam Hussein was assassinated.

58. What did American foreign policy in the post–Cold War era focus on?
the military buildup in Russia.
violent turmoil (conflict) in the Balkans, Africa and the Middle East.
wars between the countries of Eastern and Western Europe.
the formation of the Warsaw Pact.

59. What is the focus of affirmative action?
more services for new immigrants.
improved restrictions on immigration.
improved employment and educational opportunities for minorities and women
schooling for immigrants in both English and their native language.