1. Primitive Accumulation Capital, Volume I, Part VIII Chapters 26 - 33

2. Structure of Section Chapter 26 - Overview: Secret of Prim. Accum. Chapter 26 - Overview: Secret of Prim. Accum. Chapters 27-28 - Formation of Working Class Chapters 27-28 - Formation of Working Class Chapters 29-31 - Formation of Capitalist Class Chapters 29-31 - Formation of Capitalist Class Chapter 32 - Logical End to section Chapter 32 - Logical End to section Chapter 33 - Wakefield on Colonies Chapter 33 - Wakefield on Colonies

3. Chapter 26: Secret of Primitive Accumulation Origins of Capitalist Society Origins of Capitalist Society  Myth: individual achievement vs failure  Marx: class formation via force Expropriation = formation of working class Expropriation = formation of working class Concentration of wealth = formation of capitalist class Concentration of wealth = formation of capitalist class

4. Chapter 26: Commentary Myth of Political Economy Myth of Political Economy  Anyone can become a capitalist  Those who are lazy remain workers  Dickens ridicules in Hard Times Marx was NOT an historical-materialist Marx was NOT an historical-materialist  His own denial in Russian debate Capitalism can NOT eliminate the antagonisms and ever renewed alternatives Capitalism can NOT eliminate the antagonisms and ever renewed alternatives

5. The Rise of the Working Class Creation was forced, not spontaneous Creation was forced, not spontaneous Chapter 27: Forced from land, tools Chapter 27: Forced from land, tools Chapter 28: Forced into waged labor Chapter 28: Forced into waged labor

6. Chap27: Expropriation (1st step) Destruction of Autonomy Destruction of Autonomy Expropriation of land, tools Expropriation of land, tools Marx: examples from England, Scotland Marx: examples from England, Scotland Since: colonialism, on-going process Since: colonialism, on-going process Resistance: need for force result of fierce resistance Resistance: need for force result of fierce resistance Resistance: reversal of enclosures, land reform Resistance: reversal of enclosures, land reform

7. Chap27: Commentary Transition from Feudalism Transition from Feudalism Tales of Resistance Tales of Resistance The World Turned Upside Down The World Turned Upside Down Enclosures of Water Enclosures of Water Enclosures in the United States Enclosures in the United States Enclosure of the Female Body Enclosure of the Female Body Struggle for Cultural Diversity Struggle for Cultural Diversity

8. Music of Resistance The Highland Clearances (?????) The Highland Clearances (?????) The World Turned Upside Down (1649) The World Turned Upside Down (1649) The Great Eel Robbery (????) The Great Eel Robbery (????) The Farmer is the Man (1890s) The Farmer is the Man (1890s) Rain on the Scarecrow (1985) Rain on the Scarecrow (1985)

9. Chapter 28: Bloody Legislation (2nd step) Bloody Laws to impose work Bloody Laws to impose work Resistance: barbarity of laws result of degree of refusal Resistance: barbarity of laws result of degree of refusal Anti-vagrancy laws, anti-migration laws (border controls) Anti-vagrancy laws, anti-migration laws (border controls) Anti-direct appropriation laws Anti-direct appropriation laws Spread with primitive accumulation (to US, colonies) Spread with primitive accumulation (to US, colonies) Reappear in response to uncontrolled mobility Reappear in response to uncontrolled mobility

10. Chap28: Commentary Refusal of Factory Refusal of Factory Street as an Alternative to Factory Street as an Alternative to Factory The Nature of the State: The Nature of the State:  organ of class power  terrain of struggle Working Class Struggles: Combinations Working Class Struggles: Combinations Vagrancy Laws During Reconstruction Vagrancy Laws During Reconstruction The Wage, its absence & imposition of work The Wage, its absence & imposition of work

11. Music of Resistance Roll Down the Line (1890s) Roll Down the Line (1890s) Factory (1978) Factory (1978)

12. The Rise of the Capitalist Class Self-formation Self-formation Struggles to replace previous ruling class Struggles to replace previous ruling class Struggles to create working class Struggles to create working class

13. Overview of Material Chap29: Rise of Agrarian Capitalists Chap29: Rise of Agrarian Capitalists Chap30: Creation of Home Market Chap30: Creation of Home Market Chap31: Rise of Industrial Capitalists Chap31: Rise of Industrial Capitalists

14. Chap29: Rise of Agrarian Capitalists Trajectory of formation highly varied Trajectory of formation highly varied Variation result of different starting points, forces along the way Variation result of different starting points, forces along the way Baileff, farmer, metayer, farmer proper Baileff, farmer, metayer, farmer proper Key: rising control over land & labor Key: rising control over land & labor

15. Chap29: Commentary Control over land often sought for autonomy Control over land often sought for autonomy Resistance of farmers to market in US Resistance of farmers to market in US Third World Parallels Third World Parallels  Land Reform Movements  Zapatista revolt response to NAFTA Use of Inflation in Primitive & Mature Accumulation Use of Inflation in Primitive & Mature Accumulation  rapid inflation to transfer wealth  marginal inflation to keep w = productivity

16. Music of Resistance Seven Cent Cotton (1927) Seven Cent Cotton (1927) Corrido de Delano (1966) Corrido de Delano (1966) Maggie’s Farm (1965) Maggie’s Farm (1965)

17. Chap30: Creation of Home Market Expropriation means Expropriation means  people no longer meet their own needs  people must BUY what they need To be able to buy they must sell themselves To be able to buy they must sell themselves So, expansion of home market result of creation of labor market So, expansion of home market result of creation of labor market Resistance: value of homespun, gardening, subordination of market to other values Resistance: value of homespun, gardening, subordination of market to other values  e.g., Brazilian herbal market

18. Chap30: Commentary Imposition of Market Imposition of Market Valorization & Disvalorization Valorization & Disvalorization Agricultural Development & “productivity” Agricultural Development & “productivity”

19. Chap31: Genesis of Industrial Capitalist Annexation of labor through merchant capital Annexation of labor through merchant capital Concentration of Wealth through FORCE Concentration of Wealth through FORCE  colonialism: violence & plunder (business + state)  slavery & wage slavery Monopolization of trade Monopolization of trade   control over labor force, e.g., elimination of weavers Public Debt - then and now Public Debt - then and now  centralization of money  use of centralized money?

20. Chap31: Commentary Myth of Entrepreneurship Myth of Entrepreneurship  Worker initiative + capital constraint Capitalist Development & Role of State Capitalist Development & Role of State  From tool of capital to terrain of struggle Colonialism & Accumulation of Capital Colonialism & Accumulation of Capital  Raw materials, trade, outlet for capital, vs:  internationalization of labor control Slavery & Child Labor Slavery & Child Labor

21. Chap33: Theory of Colonialism Reading mainstream economics Reading mainstream economics Apology vs managerial guidelines Apology vs managerial guidelines Wakefield = “development economist” Wakefield = “development economist” Problem: availability of land = worker power to refuse work Problem: availability of land = worker power to refuse work Solution: make land less available, make it harder for workers to escape wage slavery Solution: make land less available, make it harder for workers to escape wage slavery

22. Chap32: The Historical Tendency Logical Culmination of Book Logical Culmination of Book Sweeping Historical Periodization: Sweeping Historical Periodization:  Phase I: private property based on labor  ended by “first negation” -violent  Phase II: private property in capitalism  ended by “second negation” -less violent  expropriation of expropriators  Phase III: social property in means of production

23. Dialectics - I Dialectics = a kind of movement Dialectics = a kind of movement Heraclitus = restlessness, becoming Heraclitus = restlessness, becoming Plato/Socrates = dialogos, one kind of logic Plato/Socrates = dialogos, one kind of logic Hegel = cosmology, movement of zeitgeist Hegel = cosmology, movement of zeitgeist Marx = movement of capital - class struggle Marx = movement of capital - class struggle  orthodox Marxism sees “dialectical materialism”  others see critique of capitalism, possibility of non- dialectical future

24. Dialectics - II Best known element: thesis, antithesis, synthesis Best known element: thesis, antithesis, synthesis  Hegel: being, nothing, becoming  Marx: capital, struggle of skilled workers, fordism and deskilled labor force (incorporates skills in engineering class and machinery) Other elements: (many, many) Other elements: (many, many)  e.g., negation of negation = positive change  e.g., reflexive mediation  e.g., syllogistic mediation

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