1. Map Skills Ms. Lim Grade 9 Geography

2. Problem #1round Earth, flat map Mercator ProjectionGall-Peters equal area projection Which map do you think the USSR used and why?

3. What does each map show?

4. Alpha Numeric Maps

5. Directions Cardinal points

6. Scale Scale can be shown in one of three ways A) As a short sentence B) As a ratio. The ratio relates one unit on the map to a specific distance on the ground The units must be same so that a ratio of 1: 10,000 means that a 1 cm of road on the map means that the road is really 10,000 cm long. By convention the ratio on the left is always 1. C) As a simple graph

7. Scale math One meter has ____________ cm One kilometer has ____________ meters or ________ cm How many km is 30, 000 meters? How many m and km is 560,000 centimeters?

8. Latitude and Longitude Lines that run east west are lines of latitude Lines that run north south are lines of longitude

9. Starting points Q: How many degrees are in a circle? Equator is O degrees latitude then the lines are labelled North to the north pole at 90 degrees north and south to the south pole at 90 degrees south. Prime Meridian is 0 degrees longitude. Made Greenwich, England just outside of London the literal centre of the world. The lines are labelled “east” going through Europe and Asia until you get to the International Date Line at 180 degrees in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The lines are labelled “west” across the Atlantic and the Americas until you get to the International Date line. The earth is a sphere so it has 360 degrees but it is divided evenly in western and eastern hemispheres.

10. Important Lines of Latitude

11. Important lines of Longitude Prime Meridian 0 degrees longitude International Date Line 180 degrees

12. The four hemispheres What hemisphere is Canada in? Australia? India? Use your brain and guess! With a partner roughly estimate the latitude and longitude for Spain, Alaska, South Africa and Japan.

13. How to write latitude and longitude Lines of latitude are called PARALLELS Lines of longitude are called MERIDIANS (think prime meridian) Write latitude first then longitude 25° N 77° W

14. Minutes and Seconds Degrees of latitude and longitude can be further subdivided into minutes and seconds There are 60 minutes (') per degree, and 60 seconds (") per minute. For example, a coordinate might be written 65° 32' 15“ N. All these notations allow us to locate places on the Earth quite precisely – to within inches, depending on the accuracy of the equipment doing the measurement. FOR YOUR INFORMATION A degree of latitude is approximately 69 miles at the equator, and a minute of latitude is approximately 1.15 miles. A second of latitude is approximately 0.02 miles, or just over 100 feet.

15. Review Questions Why can’t you say “66 degrees latitude”? Which comes first – latitude or longitude? Name one of the countries 0 degrees longitude runs through. What is 0 degrees latitude called? How many degrees can you go north before you reach the north pole?