1. BEAMS AND COLUMNS
PRESENTED BY
K.ROSHIN RUKSHANA

2. BEAMS
Plain and R.C.C are mainly used in construction of all types of building
BEAMS:
Beams is a horizontal member of structure , it bear load as it support roofs and slab and it transfer the whole weight to the column

3. BEAMS
R.C.C. BEAM:
R.C.C. beam is subjected to bending moments and shear . The strength of the R.C.C. beams is depend on the composite action of concrete and steel .
MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS:
It used in high tenstion zone so that concrete take the compressive stresses and steel take all the tensile stresses

4. TYPES OF BEAMS: DEPEND ON SUPPORT
Simply supported beam
Fixed beam
Cantilever beam
Continuous beam
Overhanging beam

5. DEPEND ON SUPPORT: SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM:
Two ends of the beam are kept free . This type of beam is not used in practice due to the chance of rotation of beam as there is no support.
FIXED BEAM:
the beams are support at both the end by fixing it in to walls it avoid bending

6. DEPEND ON SUPPORT: CATILEVER BEAM:
The one end is fixed to the wall and other end is set free so top side have tension and compression zone in bottom side
It is used in slab support
Eg: balcony portico
CONTINUOUS BEAM:
Two or more support is given . This beam economical for any span lengths

7. DEPEND ON SUPPORT: OVERHANGING BEAM:
It one end is extends beyond the wall . Unsupported end case a overhanging

8. DEPENDS ON REINFORCEMENT
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM:
Steel bars are supported only at one end
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM:
Steel bars are supported at both the side ,top and bottom

9. TYPES OF LOADING ON BEAMS
CONCENTRATED LOAD
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED
UNIFORMLY VARYING LOADS
ARBITRARY LOADING

10. COLUMNS It is vertical structure
It transfer load from beams and roofs to foundation
Bricks , Timber , R.C.C are used as column
EFFECTIVE LENGTH:
It depend upon the condition of end support of the column.

11. TYPES OF COLUMN Short column:
LONG COLUMN OR SLENDER:
The ratio of the effective length to the lateral dimension of the column is >12.
Short column:
The ratio of the effective length to the least dimension is <= 12
INTERMEDIATE COLUMN:
Column with length that between the short and long column

12. R.C.C . COLUMN
The effective length of compression member is equal to or less than thrice the lateral dimension the member is made of plain concrete . For more than thrice the least lateral dimension the member should be of R.C.C

13. R.C.C . COLUMN LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF R.C.C. COLUMN:
The percentage of steel used is large in a column the concrete fails first. When the percent of steel is high then column will be more strong
SPIRALLY REINFORCED COLUMN:
It is used for circular column
PITCH:
It should not have more than1/6 of diameter of column

14. PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN COLUMN CONSTRUCTION
Process of construction
Vertical height of concrete
Columns for more than one Storey
Load on the column of the top storey
USE OF R . C .C COLUMN:
Multi-storey buildings
Heavily loaded structures

15. STEEL COLUMN or STANCHIONS
Used in industrial structure to support the beams and trusses
It support the girder to which the beams are loaded
STANDARD STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS:
Steel made in the factory is called Standard structure
I-section
Tee-section
Z-section etc…. that used for light loads

16. STEEL COLUMN or STANCHIONS
The shape of cross section of steel and sectional area should be design carefully to avoid buckling
It should have high value of moment of inertia

17. BUILT-UP COLUMN SECTION
When two or three steel section of rolled sheets and cover plates are connected to form a column then it is known as Built-up section
Cover plates should properly welded with main section

18. Thank you