1. Chapter 8: America Secedes from the Empire

2. The Second Continental Congress (Pg. 51) Military Actions (Declaration of Causes & Necessities for Taking Up Arms) (colonies/provide troops) (Washington, Continental Army) (Arnold, attack Canada) (Navy organized, attack British shipping) Peace Efforts (contradiction, wage war & seek peace) (many Colonists/stay: heritage & Britain's protection) (Olive Branch Petition) (pledge loyalty to England) (ask King to intercede w/ Parliament) (1. secure peace) (2. protection of colonial rights) Canada (14 th Colony?) (support from Canadians?) (anti-Catholic, no support) (failure)

3. Thomas Paine’s Argument for Independence (Pg. 51 cont.) Common Sense: pamphlet has profound impact on public opinion (future course of events) Colonies should become independent states & break all political ties w/ Britain Small distant island shouldn’t rule a large continent People shouldn’t pledge loyalty to a king whose government was corrupt & whose laws were unreasonable

4. Pg.52 King George III Horse (America), Rider (King George III), (weapons) (Patriots) African Americans (denied) (served, both sides) (some freed) (South, slaves) Native Americans (neutral) (stop encroachment) (Joseph Brant) (Mohawk, NY)

5. Key People Washington (General) (no pay) (expenses) Arnold (traitor) (excellent officer) Von Steuben (Prussian) (infantry) (discipline)

6. Key Battles Saratoga (victory) (French alliance) (protect Caribbean) Yorktown (French) (last major battle) (English Whigs) Treaty of Paris (officially ended war) (dealt w/English) (Mississippi R.) (English, leave U.S.) (U.S., Loyalists)