1. Characterization

2. Method used by the writer to develop character.
Characterization
Method used by the writer to develop character.

3. Characterization 1) Showing the character’s ____________________
Characters are revealed in several ways:
1) Showing the character’s ____________________
2) Displaying the character’s ____________________

4. Characterization (cont.)
3) Revealing the character’s __________________
4) Letting the character ________
5) Getting the __________________

5. Protagonist
One character that is clearly _____________ to the story with all major events having some importance to the character.

6. The __________ of the main character
Antagonist
The __________ of the main character

7. (resemble real people)
Characters
Characters are convincing if they are:
______________
(resemble real people)

8. Dynamic Character
Many sided personalities that ____________, for better or worse, by the end of the story

9. Static Character
A character who ______________ develop or change throughout the story
Have one or two characteristics that do not change “stereotype”
(ex:cruel stepmother)

10. Major Characters Display ____________character traits
_______________ and ____________ (dynamic)
Display ____________character traits
____________ throughout the plot
“Protagonist”

11. Minor Characters Can be summarized by a single statement or phrase
__________-dimensional characters
Can be summarized by a single statement or phrase
___________character traits (static)

12. Plot

13. Plot
Chain of _________ events that take place in a story
Writer’s __________ for what happens, when it happens, and to whom it happens

14. Plot
The events of a plot progress because of a __________, or struggle between opposing forces.

15. Elements of Plot Rising Action Climax Falling Action Exposition
Resolution

16. Exposition
Lays the groundwork for the plot and provides essential _______________ information
_______________ are introduced, setting is described, and plot begins to unfold

17. Rising Action
As story progresses, _______________ usually arise
Causes difficulties for main characters and making conflict more difficult to resolve
______________ builds

18. Climax Moment when interest and intensity reach their peak
________________ of the action
Moment when interest and intensity reach their peak

19. Climax
Involves an important event, decision, or discovery that affects the _________________.

20. Falling Action
Consists of the events that occur ____________ the climax
Usually the conflict is resolved and the intensity of the action ___________.

21. Falling Action
Denouement (French word) that means “untying”
Tangles of the plot are untied and mysteries are ___________.

22. Conclusion, tying all the __________________.
Resolution
Conclusion, tying all the __________________.

23. Fiction

24. Two Meanings
To make up or invent
To make by shaping

25. Fiction
A narrative that springs from the ________________________, though it may be based on _______________ and __________________.

26. Purpose
The writer shapes his or her narrative to capture the reader’s interest and to achieve desired effects.

27. Types of Fiction
_____________

28. Novels
_________________ length (usually takes several days or even weeks to read
_______________ plot that unfolds through the actions, speech, and thoughts of characters

29. Short Stories
____________ work of fiction that can be read at one sitting
Generally, it develops ______ primary conflict and produces a __________ effect

30. Novels and Short Stories
____________
___________

31. Nonfiction

32. Nonfiction Writing about _________ people, places, and events.
Largely concerned with ________ information
Writer shapes the information according to his or her ____________ and ______________.

33. Examples of Nonfiction
Newspaper articles
Cookbooks
Letters
Movie Reviews
Editorials
Speeches
True-life adventure stories

34. Autobiography Written by subject (author) ______________
______________ point of view
Covers lengthy period of subject’s life

35. Autobiography
Focuses on the most ____________ events and people in his or her life
Usually book length because it covers a long span of years

36. Autobiography Shorter types of autobiographical narratives include:
Journals
Diaries
Letters
(Originate as private writing)

37. Autobiographical Essay
Focus on single persons or events in the author’s lives
Nicholas Gage’s
“The Teacher Who Changed
My Life”

38. An account of a person’s life, written by _________ person.
Biography
An account of a person’s life, written by _________ person.

39. Biography
Writer of a biography often ________________ his or her subjects in order to present accurate information.
Draw upon ___________ ______________ of his or her subject

40. Biography
Usually book length but there are also shorter forms of biographical writing.

41. Point of View

42. The _____________ point from which a story is told.
Point of View
The _____________ point from which a story is told.

43. First Person
Narrator is a character in the work who tells the story in his or her _______ words as he or she ___________ it.

44. First Person The reader sees only into the _____________ mind
Uses first-person pronouns: ____, ____, and _____

45. Second Person Often used to give _____ or ____________
Uses the pronoun ______ to address the reader

46. Third Person Creates sense of ____________ and _______________
Narrator has access to ______ the characters’ thoughts and actions
Uses pronouns: _____, _____, _____, _______

47. 3rd Limited POV
Narrator stands _________ the action and focuses on ________ character’s actions, thoughts, observations, and feelings.

48. 3rd Limited POV The reader sees only into that character’s mind
Uses pronouns:he, she, they

49. 3rd Omniscient
The narrator is an ________________, ____________observer who stands outside the action and reports what ___________ characters are doing, thinking, and feeling.

50. 3rd Omniscient The reader sees into _____________ characters’ minds
Uses pronouns: he, she, they

51. Mood and Tone

52. Mood
The _________, or ____________, that a writer creates for the reader.
The feeling you get when you read the book.

53. Mood
It can create a feeling of happiness, or it can make you feel sad or worried.
___________, ___________, ________________, _______, and __________ all contribute to the mood of a work of literature.

54. The ____________ a writer takes toward his or her subject.
Tone
The ____________ a writer takes toward his or her subject.

55. Tone Serious, ironic, humorous, bitter
A writer’s word choice, choice of details, and direct statements of his or her position about a subject help to create the tone.
Serious, ironic, humorous, bitter

56. Differences
___________: intended to shape the reader’s emotional response to a work
___________: reflects the feelings of the writer

57. Mood or Tone?
Jane opened the door. As she walked downstairs, she noticed that a few things were missing. As she continued downstairs, she heard noises coming from around the corner. She felt her spine tingle.

58. Mood or Tone?
Cheating is unacceptable. If a student is caught cheating, then the student will receive a zero on the assignment or quiz. Students should rely on their own minds rather than those around them.