1. Technical Studies Subcommittee Report
Planning Coordination Committee Meeting
Kyle Kohne, TSS Chair
June 10, 2010

2. Overview Approval Status TSS Charter 2011 Annual Study Program Outline
Base Case Coordination System – Request for Proposal
Status
SRWG Activities
MVWG Activities
Project Coordination and Three-Phase Rating Status
Overview
TSS has three approval items for the June 2010 PCC meeting.
In addition to the three approval items, I will present a status update on work group activities.

3. TSS Charter
Purpose
The purpose of TSS is to undertake those studies related to the reliability of the interconnected bulk power systems that have been approved and authorized by the PCC.
TSS Charter
TSS Charter has been reviewed by a WECC Technical Writer after posting to PCC website. Only minor editorial comments were received.
TSS Charter sent to GNC for review/comment. TSS did not receive any comments from the GNC. 3 3

4. TSS Charter Responsibilities
Conduct studies and evaluate study results to determine the reliability of the Western Interconnection. Prepare annual “state of the system” reports and other reports covering study results and evaluations, and make recommendations to the PCC.
Collect, coordinate, and maintain data files for power flow and stability studies. Monitor data submission for quality assurance.
Determine program or modeling requirements and evaluate, validate, and propose modifications to existing WECC computer programs.
TSS Charter
“State of the System” reports include the WECC Annual Study Program Report
WECC Annual Study Program through the development eleven base cases.
MVWG, GEPUWG, and PTIPUWG efforts. 4 4

5. TSS Charter Responsibilities (continued)
Conduct and evaluate studies to investigate special conditions.
Evaluate and explore new developments and techniques of interest to WECC.
Review and evaluate reports from member systems covering proposed additions or alterations to facilities in relation to NERC Planning Standards and WECC Regional Criteria.
Recommend liaising with other areas when required.
Prepare and submit an annual budget.
Perform such other functions as may be delegated by the Planning Coordination Committee.
TSS Charter
Validate system performance after a system disturbance.
Annual Progress Reports and Comprehensive Progress Report submittals. 5 5

6. TSS Charter Proposed Motion:
TSS requests PCC approval of the TSS Charter as modified related to the appointment of the TSS Chair
TSS Charter 6 6

7. SRWG Activities 2010 Annual Study Program
2011 Annual Study Program Outline - Approval
Performance Log
Representation Log
Base Case Coordination System (BCCS) -Request for Proposal (RFP) - Approval
SRWG Activities 7 7

8. 2010 Annual Study Program The 2010 Annual Study Program is in progress
The areas of focus for 2010 studies include Path 15: Midway-Los Banos and Path 46: West of Colorado River
SRWG is editing the proposed disturbance list based on input received from TSS
2010 Annual Study Program
However, meeting the proposed schedule is slipping. For some cases it is between four to six weeks.
Dynamic data conversion from PSLF to PSS/E has become more and more difficult. Many of the models available in each program do not convert easily leading to data issues. This now includes a number of generator models. The time spent performing dynamic data conversions has been exponentially increasing and has been a MAJOR contributor to delays in the base case compilation schedule. The data conversion for just one of these cases can take up to a full week to perform.
Most data has been coming in on time. However, the format and number of comments that we are receiving is a major concern and has caused delays in the approval of cases. We are consistently receiving hundreds changes and requests to replace the entire area for review cases from several area coordinators. Some changes are received in a list form as opposed to EPCL. While this is acceptable a large list of changes can take a significant amount of time to perform since all changes must be made manually. With this we would encourage all to make an increased effort to provide the best data possible in the prerun and make only minor changes in the comment period, where possible.
SRWG reported that the responses to disturbances in the 2011 Annual Program Survey was low. This is an on-going issue for SRWG. 8 8

9. 2011 Annual Study Program Outline
The 2011 Annual Study Program includes 11 cases and is typical for Annual Study Program Outlines
Five Operating Cases
One 5-year winter Planning Case
One 5-year summer Planning Case
One 10-year winter Planning Case
Three Scenario Cases
2015HA1: Stress paths in S. Nevada/Arizona/New Mexico
2022LS1: High renewable generation simultaneous with light summer conditions
2017LW1: High renewable generation displacing thermal generation with S-N flow from California to the Northwest.
2011 Annual Study Program Survey
The 2011 Study Program Survey was distributed to SRWG, TSS, TEPPC, and PCC on February 1, Responses were due by March 1, 2010.
Concern about not having more light load cases available for NERC Compliance requirements.
Suggestions included dropping one of the operating cases. 9 9

10. 2011 Annual Study Program Outline
Regular Cases
HW2-OP: Heavy Winter Operating
LW1-OP: Light Winter Operating
2012HSP1-OP: Heavy Spring Operating
2012HS2-OP: Heavy Summer Operating
2012LS1-OP: Light Summer Operating
2017HS2-G: 5-Year Summer Planning
HW2-G: 5-Year Winter Planning
2022HW1-G: 10-Year Winter Planning
2011 Annual Study Program Outline 10 10

11. 2011 Annual Study Program Outline
Proposed Motion:
SRWG and TSS request PCC approve the general structure of the 2011 Annual Study Program Outline
2011 Annual Study Program Outline 11 11

12. Performance Log (Closed)
Log/Disturbance
Responsible Entity
Description/Status
P07-02-NT
D0709
IPC, PAC
A single-line-to-ground Jim Bridger 345 kV fault and loss of the Jim Bridger-Kinport and Jim Bridger-Goshen 345 kV lines on the 2011 HS1B configuration. Results for this simulation indicate post-transient voltage deviations up to 15.2% in eastern Idaho and southwestern Montana.
Status: Closed at TSS in August 2009
P07-06-NT
D0713
TSGT, PSCO
A three-phase Comanche 230 kV fault and loss of the Comanche-Walsenburg 230 kV line on the 2010 HS2-SA configuration. Results for this simulation indicate post-transient voltage deviations up to 17.8% in southern Colorado. A solved follow-up post-transient power flow case with southern Colorado loads increased to 105% indicates voltage stability is maintained. Results for this simulation also indicate that Rosebud pump load in northern New Mexico trips by frequency relay.
P07-08-NT
D0728
A three-phase Comanche 230 kV fault and loss of the Comanche-Walsenburg 230 kV line on the 2011 LSP1-SA configuration. Results for this simulation indicate post-transient voltage deviations up to 22.1% in northeastern New Mexico and -iv-southern Colorado. A solved follow-up post-transient power flow case with southern Colorado loads increased to 105% indicates voltage stability is maintained. Results for this simulation also indicate that Rosebud pump load in northern New Mexico trips by frequency relay.
P08-01-NT
D0837
PAC
Loss of St.George SVC. Post-transient case did not solve;
Performance Log (Closed)
At the March 2010 PCC meeting, TSS reported there were no new log items approved for closure 12 12

13. Performance Log (Conditional Closure)
Log/Disturbance
Responsible Entity
Description/Status
P07-01-NT
D0706
NV Energy
A three-phase Midpoint 345 kV fault and loss of the Midpoint-Humboldt 345 kV line on the 2011 HS1B configuration. Results for this simulation indicate post-transient voltage deviations up to 5.9% in northeastern California and southern Oregon.
Status: Conditional Closure at TSS in August Project completion anticipated after June 2011.
P07-05-FT
D0712
TSGT, PSCO
A three-phase Comanche 230 kV fault and loss of the Comanche-Walsenburg 230 kV line on the HW1A configuration. Results for this simulation indicate post-transient voltage deviations up to 7.3% in southern Colorado. A solved follow-up post-transient power flow case with southern Colorado loads increased to 105% indicates voltage stability is maintained.
Status: Conditional Closure at TSS in August Project completion anticipated after December 2013.
P08-02-NT
D0829
A three-phase Hesperus 345 kV fault and loss of Hesperus – San Juan 345 kV line resulted in 26 buses in southwest Colorado exceeding the 5% post-transient voltage limit. Largest was 12.7%.
Performance Log (Conditional Closure)
At the March 2010 PCC meeting, TSS reported three log items were approved for conditional closure.
Performance Logs identified for conditional closure will remain on the conditional closure log until future system reinforcements are operational. 13 13

14. Performance Log (Open)
Log/Disturbance
Responsible Entity
Description/Status
P08-03-FT
D0815
WAPA
A three-phase Midpoint 345 kV fault and loss of the Midpoint-Humboldt 345 kV line on the 2011 HS1B configuration. Results for this simulation indicate post-transient voltage deviations up to 5.9% in northeastern California and southern Oregon.
Status: Open – Resolution anticipated in July 2010
Performance Log (Open)
At the March 2010 PCC meeting, TSS reported one log item remained open.
At the March 2010 SRWG meeting, WAPA reported that 1) there are no automatic switching devices they can take credit for, 2) there is no additional modeling to be utilized, 3) the capacity factor of the wind at the three wind farms under review is significantly less than the capacity factor of the wind used in the revised study. WAPA then proposed that an operating procedure be created requiring existing shunt capacitors in the area of influence be turned ON prior to the outage based on a set of identifiable flow/voltage conditions. SRWG agreed to place this Log Item on the Conditional Closure List and rule on the recommended procedure during the July, 2010 meeting.
At the April 2010 TSS meeting, TSS recommended that the log item remain open due to additional follow-up from WAPA. 14 14

15. Representation Log Representation Log
SRWG continues to update the Representation Log.
Current log total including PSS, shows an increase over the previous Representation Log.
Increase in PSS numbers is thought to be more a result of the robustness of a new routine that staff wrote. The new routine may have captured additional Gens without PSS and is not necessarily a reflection that there are more gens being modeled without PSS. This will be tested at the next SRWG meeting after members have each looked at their respective areas to see which of their Gens were counted on the replog.
Over the years SRWG has discussed the PSS count issue numerous times and each time it is clear that there are two main issues: 1. The members aren’t sure who they are supposed to send their exceptions to or what the process is; and 2. The updates to the PSS exceptions list lag the replog production schedule. So in other words, members who do send in exceptions and still see those gens listed without PSS in the subsequent replog then wonder and start to question what it is it takes to get off the list. The SRWG is addressing these issues by revisiting the PSS requirements section in the DPM to ensure it is clear to the members and asking staff to match the PSS exceptions list update schedule so that the latest one is always used for the replog.
Excluding PSS, the standards count did not change significantly. 15 15

16. Base Case Coordination System – RFP
BCCS Task Force has completed drafting a Request for Proposal – RFP
TSS approved the BCCS-RFP at the April 2010 TSS Meeting
Branden Sudduth - WECC (TF Co-Lead) will give a presentation on the BCCS-RFP after the TSS presentation
Base Case Coordination System – RFP
PCC 2009 Goals/Assignments – Continue to reduce the number of system base case late data submittals
RFI was issued on August 3, 2009 and concluded on September 14, 2009.
Received responses from ten vendors.
Interviews were conducted with seven vendors including demonstrations.
Majority of critical BCCS requirements can now be met with existing software which includes data storage and retrieval. 16 16

17. MVWG Activities Load Modeling System Model Validation
Solar PV Generation Modeling
Wind Power Plant Modeling
Generator Testing and Model Validation
SVC Modeling
HVDC Modeling
MVWG Activities
MVWG met in San Diego, CA on March 10-12, 2010.
Next MVWG meeting to be hosted by Puget Sound Energy in Bellevue, WA on July 7-9, 2010. 17 17

18. WECC Composite Load Model
Load Component
Model
Data M
Distribution Equivalent Data M
115-kV
230-kV M
Load Model
Composition
Data M
UVLS
Composite Load Model
Optional distribution transformer with fixed and variable tap and automatic tap adjustments with specified time delays.
Optional distribution substation capacitor.
Optional equivalent distribution feeder.
Capacitors split between feeder ends to compensate load to match transmission bus Q.
Load Components
Static Load – P & Q each represented by two fractions w/specified voltage exponents and a constant power fraction.
Electronic Load – Constant P & Q w/ gradual disconnection between two specified voltage levels.
Motor load – up to 4 motor models, each of which may be either
Aggregate three-phase motor model based on the MOTORW model.
Aggregate single-phase air conditioner model based on the LD1PAC model
Partial or full load shedding based on signal from UVLS and UFLS relay models.
UFLS
Electronic
Static

19. Load Modeling Composite Load Model Structure
Composite load model is implemented in PSLF and PSS®E as specified by WECC
Default load composition data sets are available
Used as a starting point for load model validation studies
Tools for creating load model records are available in PSLF
Creates load records with default data for every load that meets filter criteria (area/zone, etc.)
Success of load model implementation is highly dependent of availability of tools for managing load model data and for creating load model data sets
Composite Load Model Structure - Step One
There are no new additions to PSLF composite load model.
PSS/E completed model development and presented results of model acceptance tests.
Model went through a very comprehensive set of tests. Thousands of WECC-wide studies are done.
Load Composition Data Sets/Tools - Developed by David Chassin (PNNL) – calculates load model fractions for different climate zones, seasons and time of day. 19 19

20. Composite Load Model - System Impact Studies
System impact studies are on-going, model revisions are very likely
FIDVR Validation Studies
Valley and Palo Verde – Devers faults in Southern California
2003 Hassayampa fault
2009 Utah Mid-Valley fault
System-Wide Validation Studies
August 4, 2000 oscillation
June 14, 2004 West-Wing disturbance
July 2003 Palo Verde single unit outage
Major Path System Impact Studies
Load Model System Impact Studies
SCE has done a lot of excellent work on model validation (FIDVR studies).
System impact studies have not shown any instability caused by FIDVR.
Issues are observed with high voltages after air-conditioners trip.
SCE, BPA, PG&E, CAISO and IPC are currently involved in system impact studies.
System-Wide Validation Studies
Developed an automated approach for model validation and parameter tuning. This approach is significant since the correspondence between the model and reality is judged not in terms of point by point response comparison, but rather by comparing prominent features of the simulated and actual responses such as voltage dip, settling voltage, frequency dip, power pick-up, phase angle change, oscillation frequency, and damping.
Differences between simulations and actual responses can be related to a specific phenomenon. 20 20

21. Composite Load Model – Outstanding Issues
Load Model Data Tool
Motor and Electronic Load Modeling
Industrial Load Representation
Distribution-Connected Generation
Post-Transient Load Models
Load model implementation process
Support review of WECC voltage dip criteria
Composite Load Model – Outstanding Issues
Motor and Electronic Load Modeling - WECC is funding MOTORC model development for air-conditioner stall benchmarking in large scale studies including motor and drive protection.
Industrial load representation – Petrochemical plants, server farms and paper mills
With large amount of distribution-connected generation expected in the next 10 years, there is a need to represent them as a part of composite load model.
RS and TSS are made aware of the issues related to WECC voltage dip criteria. Approval of the composite load model for production studies needs to be accompanied by the criteria review and possible revision.

22. System Model Validation Studies
NERC TIS developed a White Paper on System Model Validation
System model validation is a deliverable under Western Interconnection Synchrophasor Project (WISP)
WECC needs to start doing regular system model validation studies
Enough evidence that the overall model performance is diverging from the system performance
System Model Validation Studies
WECC has a good history of system-wide model validation.
However, current process is time consuming and labor intense (6-9 months).
This has been a major impediment to the periodic model validation (last validation done in 2004).
WECC manually collects data from utilities following a disturbance to align data from various sources.
Data coverage has a few major holes.

23. System Model Validation Studies
Validation Base Cases
Use element code to match dynamic data with West-wide System Model?
Interconnection-Wide Data
Disturbance data for the model validation process will be supported by WISP
Performance baselining analysis is done by North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI), to become an automated continual process by end of May
System Model Validation Tools
Power plant model validation tools are available from MVWG
System-wide model validation tools are tested
System Model Validation Studies
The following efforts are identified to enable periodic system-wide model validation in the West.
Use 2011 MVWG funding for developing a pilot project for system model validation study of disturbances and high-stressed conditions during 2010 operating season.
Availability of West-wide System Model (WSM) can provide a snapshot of power system condition.
Western Interconnection Synchrophasor Program (WISP) is expected to be a step function in improving of availability of synchronized wide-area data for model validation.
University of Wisconsin has a project with BPA to develop validation tools.

24. Solar PV Generation Modeling
A comprehensive overview of solar PV generation, including technologies, performance issues, operations and modeling was provided by Abe Ellis (Sandia)
From a modeling perspective, solar PV generation can be grouped into two categories
Central plant solar PV installations and
Distribution-connected PV installations
Issues under consideration include
Power Flow Representation, Guide
Understanding Dynamic Behavior
Specifications for WECC PV System model
Solar PV Generation Modeling
Richard Bravo is also working with NREL and Sandia on testing converters and solar panels. This data is fundamental for model development and validation.
Central solar PV installations can be modeled similarly to Type 4 wind generation. There are many similarities, including power electronic connection to the grid, and distributed nature of solar PV converters within a PV power plant.

25. Wind Power Plant Models
Generic model structures are developed for all type 4 wind-turbine generators
Frequency response not part of original specification
For under-frequency events, all generic models show good agreement with “typical” WTG manufacturer model
No significant issues reported with respect to the WT3 and WT4 generic models.
Validation against actual system disturbances is needed
Wind Power Plant Models
Model testing and validation are in progress.
Models are not appropriate for studies of under- or over-frequency events.
Still issues with Type 1 pitch control models.
Ian Hiskens is reviewing structural issues with WTG models.

26. Wind Power Plant Models
Wind Power Plant Data
Developing generic model parameter sets for different manufacturers is critical
Model acceptance/adoption
User feedback and model refinement
Several efforts underway
Initial model verification at Siemens and GE
NREL/UM (CEC and DOE sponsoring)
EnerNex/UWIG (DOE sponsoring)
Wind Power Plant Models – Continued
Wind power plant model validation is a critical task.
Concern that a large amount of wind generation already connected based on studies done with model data that is not validated.

27. Wind Power Plant Model Data
WT1
WT2
WT3
WT4
Vestas V82
1.65 MW, 50/60Hz
Vestas V MW, 60Hz
GE 1.5 MW, 50/60 Hz
Enercon E MW, 50 Hz
Bonus 1.3 MW, 50/60 Hz
Vestas V kW, 50/60 Hz
GE 3.6 MW, 50/60 Hz
Enercon E MW, 50 Hz
Bonus 2.3 MW, 50 Hz
Vestas V MW
Gamesa G80, G83, G87, G90
2 MW, 50/60 Hz
General Electric 2SX
2.5 MW, 60 Hz
Mitsubishi MWT1000A
1 MW, 60 Hz
Gamesa G80
1.8 MW, 60 Hz
NORDEX N80
2.5 MW, 50Hz
Siemens 2.3 SWT93
2.3 MW, 60 Hz
Suzlon S66
1.25 MW, 50 Hz
Suzlon S88
2.1 MW, 50/60Hz
REPower MD70 and MD77
1.5 MW, 50Hz
Clipper Liberty 2.5MW
2.5MW, 60 Hz
REPower MM70/MM82/MM MW, 50/60Hz
Samsung 2.5 MW
Mitsubishi MWT-92/95 / MW
Vestas V MW & 3 MW
Acciona 1.5/3.0 MW (*)
Fuhrlaender FL 2.5 MW, 60 Hz
RED: Default WTG Model Data. BLUE: ongoing work to identify parameters

28. Wind Power Plant Modeling Guide
Resource to transmission planers, project developers on WPP modeling using WECC generic models
Applicability and limitations
Model structure and default data
Examples
Approval process
Submit to MVWG for comment
Then present to TSS for approval
Larger question
How to migrate to WTG models
Standards compliance issue

29. Generator Testing and Model Validation
Generator model data review (WECC Staff)
Donald Davies provided log of suspicious data
Model validation and system impact studies with GENTPJ model – on-going
John Undrill provided a program to create OEL and Generator Protection models with default data
Shawn Patterson reviewed hydro governor data – many questionable data records
Kaplan turbine model data – no progress is made
Generator Models
WECC Staff is going through the generator model data errors.

30. SVC Models Progress is slower than expected
SVSMO1 – SVC model with TSC and TCR is most mature and implemented in PSLF beta version. The model is being tested and expected to be ready for approval at July meeting
SVSMO2 – SVC model with TSC is under development.
SVSMO3 – STACTCOM model is prototyped
MSS01 – relay model for switching mechanical shunt capacitors and reactors is under development
SVC Models
Janet Kowalski (SCE) provided update on new SVC model development.
In addition, specifications are being developed for a relay model used for mechanical switching of shunt capacitors and reactors.

31. HVDC Models IPP DC model PDCI model
LADWP provided a new model for IPP DC controls for PSLF and PSS®E programs.
PDCI model
TOS brought up an issue with PDCI responses during close AC system faults
MVWG recommended a code to simulate DC converter bypass to represent commutation failures when a fault occurs close to HVDC inverter
Need to confirm with TOS that this issue has been addressed
IPP DC Model
The model was developed by ABB, detailed model documentation was provided.
PDCI Model
Dmitry Kosterev described modeling issue with Pacific HVDC Intertie during faults close to an inverter end of the line.
During a close-in fault, inverter AC and DC voltages are depressed, thereby resulting in large dc current and power flow on the line.
This modeled behavior is different from what is expected in reality, when the inverter is likely to experience commutation failures during a close-in fault.
Once commutation failure incepts the inverter will essential appear as bypassed during the fault and restart after the fault is cleared and voltages are restored to normal.

32. Project Coordination Project Coordination
No new projects entered or completed the Project Coordination Process since the March 2010 PCC Meeting 32 32

33. Project Rating Process – Phase One
No new projects entered or completed the Phase One since the March 2010 PCC Meeting 33 33

34. Project Rating Process – Phase Two
No new projects have entered or completed Phase Two since the March 2010 PCC Meeting 34 34

35. Project Rating Process – Phase Three
The following projects have entered or completed Phase Three since the March 2010 PCC Meeting
Project Name
Sponsor
Rating
Date
Path 14 and Path 75 Redefinition and the Hemingway Transmission Project
Idaho Power
1200 MW (W-E)
2400 MW (E-W)
550 MW (W-E)
1500 MW (E-W)
Completed 6/8/10 35 35

36. Questions? 36 36