1. Birth Canal Human babies are about the same size as the birth canal In fact, the human birth canal is twisted. This means that babies must twist as they make their egress: entering the birth canal sideways, the baby must rotate so its head is down, and then rotate again to allow its shoulders to pass.

2. Reproduction - Human Afterbirth

3. Pregnancy - Vaginal Birth Labor and its 3 Stages 1. Contraction & Dilation - cervix dilates 8-10 centimeters 2. Delivery - breech birth means that the butt, knee, or foot enters the birth canal first. 3. Afterbirth - the placenta is expelled with small amount of blood Vaginal Birth-computer animated http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xath6kOf0NE Epidural

4. Pregnancy – C-Section Cesarean Birth or C-section - an incision is made through the abdominal wall and uterus to remove the baby. This can be done 3-4 times if necessary Cecilia Passed Out 2011 - Hello

5. Pregnancy - Cesarean Section 1970 - 6% 1980 - 17% 1990 - 23% 2005 - 30% Why? A surgery that cuts the abdomen and uterus Why have a C-section? 1.Breech 2.Multiple birth pregnancy 3.Large baby 4.Placenta is in the way - placental previa 5.Baby is ill 6.Mother is HIV positive 7.Emergency and speed is needed 8.Premature

6. C-Section

7. Reproduction - Placenta serves as a lung, kidney, liver, endocrine gland, and digestive system for the developing fetus.

8. Umbilical Chord

9. Swaddle

10. Pregnancy - Premature Birth - Anna Birth Spacing

11. Miscarriage & Still Birth What is the difference? What causes it? Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a fetus prior to 24 weeks. After that a loss is considered a still born child. Causes: 1.Nature decides - poor development / nourishment 2.Ectopic Pregnancy 3.Cervical problems - opens too soon

12. Breast Feeding Why breast feed? How long should a woman breast feed her child? Should woman breast feed in public places?

13. Why breast feed? Benefits to baby: 1.Bonding 2.Nutritionally best 3.Boosts immune system Benefits to mothers: 1.Bonding 2.Speeds mother’s recovery 3.Burns calories - up to 500 a day

14. How Long should a child be breast fed? 1.Doctors recommendations suggest at least 6 months 2.70% of woman breast feed 3.About 35% last six months 4.Fewer than 17% last a year

15. Should a woman breast feed in public places 1.No state has a law against it but 42 states have laws protecting the mothers right to do it. 2.Woman have been removed from stores, planes, and restaurants - “nurse-ins” 3.57% of public uncomfortable with breast feeding 4.Breasts are considered sexual

16. Breast Tissues

17. Breast Feeding

18. Colostrum Vs Milk – first week

19. Breast Feeding 1.Baby suckles and sensation travels to mother’s brain 2. The brain signals the pituitary to release a hormone called oxytocin 3. Oxytocin enters blood stream and within 30 seconds causes secretion of milk in the breast 4. Each breast has 15-20 openings 5. Colostrum (24 hrs) – high in protein & low in fat and sugar – boosts immune system 6. Foremilk – watery 7. Hindmilk – nutrient rich