1. Classification

2. Development of Binomial Nomenclature Theophrastus first attempted to organize and classify plants in the 4 th century B.C. –Classified nearly 500 plants on the basis of leaf characteristics.

3. Development of Binomial Nomenclature Binomial System of Nomenclature First proposed by Linnaeus Organisms named by a phrase Abbreviated the phrase to 2 parts plus the person who named the organism Example is Spearmint: Mentha spicata L.

4. Classification of Major Groups Genera are now grouped into Families. –Families are grouped into Orders. Orders are grouped into Classes. –Classes are grouped into Phyla. »Phyla are grouped into Kingdoms.

5. Cladistics Cladistics is a method of examining natural relationships among organisms, based on shared features.

6. chloroplasts seeds flowers Vascular tissue Relationships Between Green Plants Green Algae FernsPinesFlowering Plants

7. The more characters organisms share, the more similar their DNA

8. Development of the Kingdom Concept Early classification schemes naturally classified all living organisms as either plants or animals. –The distinction works well for complex animals, but not for simpler organisms.

9. Development of the Kingdom Concept Hogg and Haeckel 1860’s - Protista Copeland 1938 – Monera Whittaker 1969 – Fungi Woese 1990’s – Archaea and Eubacteria

10. Table 16.01b

11. Should the Kingdom Concept be replaced? The concept of the Domain has been proposed as an alternative

12. Should the Kingdom Concept be replaced? Eukaryotic organisms form one domain Prokaryotic organism are divided into two other domains