1. ISYS 363 Information Systems for Management David Chao

2. Technology Changing the way of doing business Example: Travel –Searching for flights, hotels Yahoo Travel, Expedia –Making reservations US Aiways -- http://www.usairways.com/awa/ –Select your seats –Web check-In –Tour information

3. Technology Life Cycle Technology pushes itself to progress. –Problem –Solution –Service Example: Clear Pass program –Competition –Obsolete Companies that develop technologies and companies that use technologies.

4. Faster Airport Security Check-in Process Introduced - For a Price At Mineta San Jose International Airport, The Clear Registered Traveler Program, also known as "Clear Pass," began signing up customers. Passengers willing to pay an annual $99.95 fee will be able to pre-register. A scan of their hands and fingers, as well as an electronic "read" of their irises will be recorded. If the applicant passes scrutiny, a small clear card with an imbedded microchip will be sent to the traveler from Transportation Security Administration allowing him or her to bypass the traditional screening area. –http://www.flyclear.com/

5. Information Age Information Age/society: –the majority of workers are involved in the creation, distribution, and application of information. Knowledge Workers: Workers involved in the creation, distribution, and application of information. –Businesses depend on information technology to get their work done.

6. Digital Entrepreneur People who develop new technologies. –Search engines, map, browser, etc. People who use the technologies innovatively. –Many interesting Internet websites. SecondLife: http://secondlife.com// –Linden dollar, buying virtual land Curriki.org: –a website where you can learn every subject taught from kindergarten to 12th grade.

7. Examples of Small On-Line Stores Amazon Associates: –Amazon.com's affiliate marketing program. By linking to Amazon products and services you can add compelling content for your site visitors enjoyment and receive up to 8.5% in referral fees for doing so. –aStore eBay Stores: –An eBay Store helps you get more out of eBay's access to millions of shoppers worldwide. By showcasing all of your merchandise in one central location, an eBay Store creates a central shopping destination where buyers can learn more about you, your products, and your policies.

8. Why study information systems? An end-user perspective –Enhance personal productivity, and the productivity of their work groups and department. –Increase your opportunities for success: be aware of the management problems and opportunities presented by the information technology.

9. Why study information systems? An enterprise perspective: Information systems play a vital role in the success of an enterprise. –Efficient operations –Effective management –Competitive advantage

10. Information System is a major functional area of business A major part of the resources of an enterprise and its cost of doing business. An important factor affecting operational efficiency, employee productivity, customer service, etc. A major source of information needed to promote effective decision making. An important ingredient in developing competitive products and services that give an organization a strategic advantage in the marketplace. A challenge career opportunity.

11. Business Are Becoming Internetworked Enterprises The internet and Internet-like networks (intranets and extranets) have become the primary information technology infrastructure that supports the business operations of many organizations. Electronic commerce: –The buying and selling, and marketing and servicing of products, services, and information over a variety of computer networks. Globalization: –Global markets, global production facilities, global partners, global competitors, global customers.

12. Techies might finally be able to move into top management More Chief Information Officers (CIOs) are reporting directly to CEOs. More CIOs are being included on management committees. In a recent survey of executives at capital market firms, 89% believed that technology managers would assume greater responsibilities.

13. Course Introduction IT – Introduction to information technology –Computer hardware, software, network –IT management IS – Introduction to information systems –Information system components –Types of information systems PC – personal computing –Advanced spreadsheet techniques in decision support. –Introduction to database and database application development –Internet techniques

14. What is Information Technology? A term used to refer to a wide variety of items and abilities used in the creation, storage, and dispersal of data, information and knowledge. –Data: Raw facts, figures, and details. Numerical, text, multimedia –Information: An organized, meaningful, and useful interpretation of data. –Knowledge: Insight of a subject matter. Its three main components are computers, communications networks, and know-how.

15. Hardware Input devices CPU and primary storage –RAM - temporary storage –Processor Control Unit - decoder Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) –Machine cycle: fetch instruction decode instruction execute instruction place results in memory

16. Hardware Output devices Secondary storage Communication devices

17. Computer System Concept

18. Types of Computer Systems Microcomputers –personal computing, workstation,network server. Minicomputers –Departmental and workgroup systems, network server, workstation. Mainframes –Enterprisewide systems, transaction processors –Data mining and warehousing Supercomputers –Billions to trillions of operations per second (gigaflops and teraflops) –Parallel processing –Scientific calculations Networked computer systems –WAN, LAN, PAN

19. Local Area Network Peer-to-peer network: –no dedicated server –allow file sharing with password protection Client/Server network –at least one computer as dedicated server –improved security, performance –Network Operating System (NOS) Downsizing: replacing mainframes by networked micro/minicomputers. Upsizing: replacing PC based systems by networked micro/minicomputers. Distributed processing Client/Server computing

20. Personal Area Network A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person. The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters. BlueTooth: It is an industrial specification for wireless PANs. Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices such as mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers, digital cameras and video game consoles via a short-range radio frequency. –Nokia’s Sensor program: http://europe.nokia.com/A4144923

21. Hardware Trends CPU: Parallel processor systems. –Intel’s Dual-Core processors: two processors built into a single chip.” Storage: –RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks): Arrays of disk drives that provides a fault tolerant capability by storing multiple copies of data on several disks. RAID hardware/RAID software, Mirroring. –Erasable optical disk. –Terabyte hard drive: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terabyte –Flash memory: non-volatile Camera, PDA Input/output: video and multimedia input/output, voice recognition and response, optical and magnetic recognition, biometric scanner. Hand-held devices –PDA, Smart phone

22. Radio Frequency Identification RFID is a system for tagging and identifying objects. –Antenna to send and receive signals. –RFID reader Applications: –An alternative to bar code Supermarket –Tracking objects –Digital watermark to prevent counterfeit

23. Moore’s Law A doubling in the number of transistors per integrated circuit every 18 to 24 months –Originally observed in 1965, it holds true today Common corollary of Moore’s Law… –Computing prices will be cut in half every 18 to 24 months –This has been consistently accurate –Applies to cost of storage as well

24. Software System software –Operating system Application software –University’s registration system Application development software

25. Operating system functions –User interface –Resource management (managing hardware) –Task management (managing the accomplishment of tasks) –File management (managing data and program files) –Utilities (providing a variety of supporting services)

26. Today’s Operating Systems Personal computers: –IBM PC compatible: Microsoft windows, Unix-like systems such as Linux. –Apple Macintosh: Mac OS, Linux Mainframe computers: –IBM z/OS, Linux

27. Linux and Open Source A Linux system is sometimes referred to as GNU/Linux. –GNU – free software Linux has been more widely ported to different computing platforms than any other operating system. Linux is the most prominent example of free software and of open source development. Its underlying source code is available for anyone to use, modify, and redistribute freely, and in some instances the entire operating system consists of free/open source software.

28. Free Software: GNU.Org “Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech”, not as in “free beer”. Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software: The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2). The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.

29. Operating Systems for Mobile Devices Mobile devices: –Pocket PC/PDA –Smartphones –Portable media center Operating systems: –Windows Mobile, Windows CE –Palm OS –Symbian OS for Nokia

30. Application development software Low level language High level language –third generation –fourth generation Word processing, desktop publishing, spreadsheet, database management, graphic presentation, etc.

31. Compiler Translator: Translate the source program to machine executable code. Interpreter: Translate one command at a time. –VBScript, JavaScript

32. Object-oriented development tools –Graphical user interface –Component programming –Event-driven programming –Code generator/Wizard Object example: –Excel’s cell, chart Object-oriented tool example: VB.Net Java

33. Portability Java: Write Once Run Anywhere Java Source Code Java Byte Code (Intermediate Code) Java Byte Code Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Executable Code

34. Microsoft’s.Net Language must compliance with Common Language Specification, CLS. Compile the language into Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) code. The MSIL code is then executed in the Common Language Runtime (CLR), which conceptually is same as the JVM, where it is translated into machine code by a compiler. Microsoft.Net is a server-side technology. It runs on any servers that implement the.Net system.

35. Client-Side VS Server-Side Client-side technology has the browser compatibility problem. Example: Using FireFox, Tools/Options/Web Features –Enable Java, Enable JavaScript Google Maps: Draggable because of AJAX, which is a JavaScript technique. If we disable JavaScript, it is not draggable.

36. Information technology provides the means to rethink/recreate/reengineer conventional business processes. –Business Processes: Collections of activities, often spanning several departments, that take one or more kinds of input and create a result that is of value to a company’s customers. –Reengineering: The reshaping of business processes to remove barriers that prohibit an organization from providing better products and services and to help the organization capitalize on its strengths. IT and Business Process Reengineering