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Basic Computer Vocabulary
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TERMS TO KNOW PERSONAL COMPUTER CPU BIT & BYTE HARDWARE INPUT & OUTPUT
RAM & ROM STORAGE DEVICE SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM NETWORK
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PERSONAL COMPUTERS A personal computer is used by one person at a time. Includes desktop and laptop computers, MP3 players, PDA’s, etc. PC = Microsoft Windows OS (made by IBM, Dell, Gateway...) Mac = Mac OS (made only by Apple)
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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
CPU= computer’s brain The CPU performs calculations and carries out all the instructions you give to your computer CPU speed is measured in: Megahertz (MHz) - millions of CPU cycles per second Gigahertz (GHz) - billions of CPU cylcles per second
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BITS & BYTES Computers can only process two numbers: 1 and 0.
A bit is the smallest unit of information, always either a 1 or a 0. Eight bits make a byte 5 page paper = 40 KB (40,000 bytes) Movie on DVD = 5 GB (5 billion bytes)
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HARDWARE Hardware is the collection of physical devices that make up your computer system. These devices are also called components.
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INPUTS & OUTPUT PORTS Input = user enters information into a computer
Types of Ports: USB Firewire Compact Flash (CF Card) Secure Disk (SD Card) Input = user enters information into a computer Output = computer delivers information back to a user
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Hmmm...... Is it an input or output? keyboard mouse printer scanner speakers digital camera Q: What are 3 hardware components that you can see outside the computer and what are 3 components hidden inside the computer?
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RAM & ROM A computer mainly uses 2 kinds of memory: RAM or ROM, depending on the task ROM = permanent information, long-term memory RAM = temporary information, short-term memory (erased when computer turns off) RAM computer chips
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STORAGE DEVICES Storage devices: * hard drive * flash drive
* CD’s, DVD’s, & Blue-ray * floppy disk A computer stores information in 3 main places: RAM, ROM, or storage device Before you save your work, the data is stored in RAM. When you save a file, you move the information from RAM to a storage device. How is RAM like short-term memory? If you had a 1GB file, where could you store it?
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SOFTWARE Types of Software: * web browsers * email * word processing
Software is a set of instructions that makes it possible for your computer to perform tasks. It translates your commands into the language of binary numbers. Software can also be called a program or an application. 3 categories of software: * Operating System (OS) * Application * Utility Types of Software: * web browsers * * word processing * spreadsheet * database * presentation
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OPERATING SYSTEMS The operating system controls all the software programs and allows hardware to work properly. Types of operating systems: Microsoft Windows Mac OS Linux Handheld OS (PDA’s MP3’s, Cell Phones, etc. MS-DOS = text interface (“old school” way of input) GUI = graphical user interface that allows for point and click Name 6 types of application software and describe what each one allows you to do. What types of software program controls all the other software on your computer?
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Why is it helpful for schools or companies to use a network?
A computer network is a group of computers connected together. Networks allow people to share information and resources such as printers, storage devices, and Internet connections. A network server is a powerful computer that lets users share storage space and applications In a computer network, what do you call the computer that provides shared storage space and applications to other computers? Why is it helpful for schools or companies to use a network?
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