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C OMPUTING E SSENTIALS 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 Timothy J. O’Leary Linda I. O’Leary Presentations by: Fred Bounds
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1 1 Your Future and Computer Competency CHAPTER
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3 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Competencies After reading this chapter, you should be able to : 1. Explain computer competency. 2. Distinguish four types of computers: microcomputer, minicomputer, mainframe and supercomputer.
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4 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Competencies 3. Explain the five parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware and data. 4. Distinguish application software from system software. 5. Describe hardware devices for input, processing, storage, output and communications.
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5 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Competencies 6. Describe document, worksheet and database files. 7. Explain computer connectivity, the Internet and the Web
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6 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Overview Ten years ago, few people were involved with computers. Microcomputers are common tools today. New forms of learning and communicating are developing. How can microcomputers enhance your life?
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End Users and Computer Competency By gaining computer competency, end users can use microcomputers to improve their productivity and their value in the workplace.
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8 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 End Users and Computer Competency Using packaged programs to meet unique information needs –Packaged programs are off-the- shelf, ready to use –Needs that are information-related or decision-making related
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9 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 End Users and Computer Competency Using packaged programs to meet unique information needs
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Four Kinds of Computers Computers are of four types: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes and supercomputers.
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11 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Four Kinds of Computers Computers are electronic devices that can follow instructions to accept input, process the input and then produce information.
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12 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Four Kinds of Computers Microcomputers
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13 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Four Kinds of Computers Microcomputers Minicomputers
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14 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Four Kinds of Computers Microcomputers Minicomputers Mainframes
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15 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Four Kinds of Computers Microcomputers Minicomputers Mainframes Supercomputers
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16 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Microcomputer This most widely used computer generally employs a microprocessor, “computer on a chip” and are desktop sized or less Two main types –Desktop (PC’s & workstations) –Portable (notebooks, subnotebooks, palmtops)
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17 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Desktop Computers Small enough for a desktop, but not easily portable Personal computers (PC’s) run general purpose software and are employed by a wide spectrum of users
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18 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Desktop Computers Workstations are powerful machines, running more advanced software, for technical, scientific, or data- intensive tasks These distinctions, however, are blurring
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19 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Portable Computers Easily transported from one place to another
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20 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Four categories –Laptops –Notebooks –Subnotebooks –Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) Portable Computers
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21 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Minicomputers Desk-sized More processing speed and storage capacity than microcomputers General data processing needs at small companies Larger companies use them for specific purposes
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22 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Mainframe Computers Larger machines with special wiring and environmental controls Faster processing and greater storage than minicomputers Typical machine in large organizations
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23 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Supercomputers The most powerful of the four categories Used by very large organizations, particularly for very math-intensive types of tasks
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The Five Parts of an Information System An information system has five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware and data.
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25 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 The Five Parts of an Information System People
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26 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 The Five Parts of an Information System People Procedures
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27 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 The Five Parts of an Information System People Procedures Software
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28 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 The Five Parts of an Information System People Procedures Software Hardware
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29 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 The Five Parts of an Information System People Procedures Software Hardware Data
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Software Software is of two kinds: system software and application software.
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31 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Software Another name for programs Instructions telling the computer how to process data Two major kinds –System software –Application software
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32 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 System Software Enables application software to interact with the hardware “Background” software to manage internal computer resources Operating system software the most important type
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33 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Systems Software Windows 98 Desktop
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34 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Application Software Think of “end-user” software Two major categories –Packaged - “off the shelf”, pre-written programs –Custom - written for an organization’s specific purpose
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35 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Application Software Netscape Communicator browser
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36 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Software
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37 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Software End User An end user is anyone who uses a microcomputer or has access to larger computers - that’s nearly everyone in today’s workforce. They enter commands and typically interact with application programs. End User An end user is anyone who uses a microcomputer or has access to larger computers - that’s nearly everyone in today’s workforce. They enter commands and typically interact with application programs.
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38 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Software Application Software Programs to create, organize, analyze, present and communicate information. For example, Excel is a spreadsheet application program that is used to analyze data. Application Software Programs to create, organize, analyze, present and communicate information. For example, Excel is a spreadsheet application program that is used to analyze data.
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39 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Software System Software “Background” programs that coordinate the application software requests with computer hardware. Windows 95 is a widely-used system program. System Software “Background” programs that coordinate the application software requests with computer hardware. Windows 95 is a widely-used system program.
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40 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Software Computer Hardware Devices that accept input, process data, store information, produce output and send communications. For example, a disk drive, keyboard, printer and modem are different types of computer hardware. Computer Hardware Devices that accept input, process data, store information, produce output and send communications. For example, a disk drive, keyboard, printer and modem are different types of computer hardware.
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Hardware Microcomputer hardware consists of devices for input, processing, storage, output and communications.
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42 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Hardware Physical equipment Five categories –Input devices –System unit –Secondary storage –Output devices –Communications devices
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43 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Input Devices Translate data and programs that humans understand to a form comprehensible to the computer Most common types –Keyboard –Mouse
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44 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 The System Unit Container holding primary electronic circuitry Most important components – Central processing unit (CPU) –Memory, also known as primary storage or random access memory (RAM)
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45 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Secondary Storage For permanent storage of data and programs Often included within the system unit –Floppy disks - 3 1/2 inch, hold approx.... 400 pages –Hard disks - for storing large amounts –Optical disks - storage using laser technology
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46 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Secondary Storage For permanent storage of data and programs Often included within the system unit –Floppy disks - 3 1/2 inch, hold approx.... 400 pages –Hard disks - for storing large amounts –Optical disks - storage using laser technology
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47 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Output Devices Equipment that translate data from the CPU to a form humans can understand Most common forms –Monitors –Printers
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48 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Output Devices
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49 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Communication Devices Hardware that sends data and programs from one computer to another Most common example in the microcomputer world - the modem
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Data Data is contained in files for documents, worksheets and databases.
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51 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Data Used to describe facts about something Contained in files for documents, worksheets and databases –Document files - usually created by word processors –Worksheet files - electronic spreadsheets –Database files - electronic database management programs
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Connectivity and the Internet Connectivity is the microcomputer’s ability to communicate with other computers and information sources. The Internet is the largest network in the world.
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53 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1 Connectivity and the Internet The World Wide Web is the multimedia component of the Internet.
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54 Computing Essentials 1999 - 2000 Chapter 1
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