1. Methods: Deciding What to Design In-Young Ko iko.AT. icu.ac.kr Information and Communications University (ICU) iko.AT. icu.ac.kr Fall 2005 ICE0575 Lecture #15 Usability III

2. Fall 2005 2 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Announcements Special class on November 15 th or 18 th Special class on November 15 th or 18 th Volunteers for presenting Project #4 (only for Theoractice) and Project #5? Volunteers for presenting Project #4 (only for Theoractice) and Project #5? The presenters will get an extra credit The presenters will get an extra credit Optional EVRs for Extra Credits (Individual Work) Optional EVRs for Extra Credits (Individual Work) For the Business Unit (December 6 th ) For the Business Unit (December 6 th ) Cusumano / Yoffie: Internet Time Cusumano / Yoffie: Internet Time Lessig: Future of Ideas Lessig: Future of Ideas For the Engineering Unit (December 13 th ) For the Engineering Unit (December 13 th ) Simon: The Sciences of the Artificial Simon: The Sciences of the Artificial Vincenti: What Engineers Know Vincenti: What Engineers Know …

3. Fall 2005 3 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Picture of the Day: The Bulletin Board Near the CS Lounge

4. Fall 2005 4 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Today ’ s Plan Mental models Mental models Usability example Usability example Complexity Complexity Evaluating usability Evaluating usability The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

5. Fall 2005 5 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Design of Everyday Things Very influential, classic book Very influential, classic book Focus on (relatively) simple products, not just software Focus on (relatively) simple products, not just software Principles certainly apply to software Principles certainly apply to software Intimate relation with software Intimate relation with software Enormous range of possibilities Enormous range of possibilities Makes great design possible Makes great design possible Greatly increases the potential for serious mistakes Greatly increases the potential for serious mistakes The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

6. Fall 2005 6 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Mental Models “ Mental models are psychological representations of real, hypothetical, or imaginary situations. ” “ Mental models are psychological representations of real, hypothetical, or imaginary situations. ” Phillip Johnson-Laird Phillip Johnson-Laird “... used to anticipate events, to reason, and to underlie explanation. ” “... used to anticipate events, to reason, and to underlie explanation. ” Kenneth Craik Kenneth Craik For software design -- how the user thinks about what he/she is doing For software design -- how the user thinks about what he/she is doing The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

7. Fall 2005 7 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Mental Model – Light Switches

8. Fall 2005 8 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Mental Model – Elevator Lights Currently on 6 th floor

9. Fall 2005 9 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Mental Model -- MS Word The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

10. Fall 2005 10 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Save As RTF The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

11. Fall 2005 11 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Save As RTF - 2 The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

12. Fall 2005 12 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Save As RTF - 3 The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

13. Fall 2005 13 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Save As PS - 1 The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

14. Fall 2005 14 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Save As PS - 2 The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

15. Fall 2005 15 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Save As PS - 3 No PS option in “ Save as ” menu -- now what? No PS option in “ Save as ” menu -- now what? The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

16. Fall 2005 16 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Print to Create Postscript The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

17. Fall 2005 17 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Save as PS  Print to File? The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

18. Fall 2005 18 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Conceptual Models Design model Design model Users ’ model Users ’ model System image System image “ Invisibility ” of tools “ Invisibility ” of tools When tool is imperfect, design is revealed to user When tool is imperfect, design is revealed to user The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

19. Fall 2005 19 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Today Mental models Mental models Usability example Usability example Complexity Complexity Evaluating usability Evaluating usability The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

20. Fall 2005 20 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University BMW 700 Series Top of the line luxury car Top of the line luxury car Costs $65,000 - $120,000 Costs $65,000 - $120,000 The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

21. Fall 2005 21 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Revolutionary iDrive “ One control to replace hundreds: the revolutionary BMW iDrive system brings the future into the 7 Series cabin. The cluttered array of conventional dashboards is a thing of the past. BMW iDrive is a new concept in cabin design. Controls are designed to be exactly there where they're most needed... The Controller and Control Display simplify the process of personalizing any comfort feature. BMW iDrive means intuition and intelligence in every detail. ” “ One control to replace hundreds: the revolutionary BMW iDrive system brings the future into the 7 Series cabin. The cluttered array of conventional dashboards is a thing of the past. BMW iDrive is a new concept in cabin design. Controls are designed to be exactly there where they're most needed... The Controller and Control Display simplify the process of personalizing any comfort feature. BMW iDrive means intuition and intelligence in every detail. ” Technically innovative -- uses Top Level Architecture Technically innovative -- uses Top Level Architecture Framework for programming automotive systems Framework for programming automotive systems Written in java Written in java The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

22. Fall 2005 22 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University BMW Dashboard iDrive Controller iDrive Display The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

23. Fall 2005 23 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University iDrive Controller The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

24. Fall 2005 24 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University iDrive Display The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

25. Fall 2005 25 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Evaluate iDrive Affordances Affordances Natural mappings Natural mappings Selective attention and focus Selective attention and focus Design for error Design for error User ’ s mental model User ’ s mental model The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

26. Fall 2005 26 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University What Do the Reviewers Think? “ Thanks to its revolutionary iDrive... BMW... encourages you to take your eyes off the road long enough to plough into a solid object. ” “ Thanks to its revolutionary iDrive... BMW... encourages you to take your eyes off the road long enough to plough into a solid object. ” “ To say that the automotive trade press and nearly every contributor to a Web discussion of the system hated iDrive is a huge understatement. “ “ To say that the automotive trade press and nearly every contributor to a Web discussion of the system hated iDrive is a huge understatement. “ “... a catastrophic debut. “ “... a catastrophic debut. “ But there is hope, according to one British reviewer: But there is hope, according to one British reviewer: “ BMW will ‘ rectify ’ iDrive- if only because an army of shysters stands ready to enrich the relatives of Americans who iDrive themselves straight into a tree. ” “ BMW will ‘ rectify ’ iDrive- if only because an army of shysters stands ready to enrich the relatives of Americans who iDrive themselves straight into a tree. ” The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

27. Fall 2005 27 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Today Mental models Mental models Usability example Usability example Complexity Complexity Evaluating usability Evaluating usability The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

28. Fall 2005 28 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Usability and Complexity* Usability Complexity* Average design Upper bound Great design *from a user’s perspective. The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

29. Fall 2005 29 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Forces Pressing for Complexity Marketing Marketing Many markets require feature richness Many markets require feature richness New versions must have something marketable New versions must have something marketable Growing user base expertise Growing user base expertise Mastered wrinkles of tool Mastered wrinkles of tool New uses, increasingly diverse needs New uses, increasingly diverse needs Gold-plating by technical staff Gold-plating by technical staff The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

30. Fall 2005 30 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Today Mental models Mental models Usability example Usability example Complexity Complexity Evaluating usability Evaluating usability The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

31. Fall 2005 31 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Cognitive Walkthrough One of several usability testing techniques One of several usability testing techniques Widely used Widely used Designed for people who are not UI specialists Designed for people who are not UI specialists Appropriate when prototype exists, want test inexpensively Appropriate when prototype exists, want test inexpensively Procedure is to “ walk through ” specific sequences, evaluate whether users could perform correctly Procedure is to “ walk through ” specific sequences, evaluate whether users could perform correctly Selection of sequences is very important Selection of sequences is very important Typical, frequent, critical sequences Typical, frequent, critical sequences Set that exercises functionality Set that exercises functionality The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

32. Fall 2005 32 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Cognitive Walkthrough Inputs Inputs Description of users Description of users Sequences Sequences Correct action sequence for each sequence Correct action sequence for each sequence User interface User interface Analyzing involves simulating four simple steps of an underlying model of exploratory learning, at each stage of interaction, by asking the questions: Analyzing involves simulating four simple steps of an underlying model of exploratory learning, at each stage of interaction, by asking the questions: Will the users try to achieve the right effect? Will the users try to achieve the right effect? Will the users notice that the correct action is available? Will the users notice that the correct action is available? Will the user associate the correct action with the effect the user wants to achieve? Will the user associate the correct action with the effect the user wants to achieve? Will the user interpret the system ’ s response to the chosen action correctly? Will the user interpret the system ’ s response to the chosen action correctly? Success story or failure story Success story or failure story Recommendations -- problems and possible fixes Recommendations -- problems and possible fixes The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

33. Fall 2005 33 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Heuristic Evaluation Simple and natural dialog Simple and natural dialog Speak the users ’ language Speak the users ’ language Minimize the user ’ s memory load Minimize the user ’ s memory load Consistency Consistency Feedback Feedback Clearly marked exits Clearly marked exits Shortcuts Shortcuts Prevent errors Prevent errors Help and documentation Help and documentation The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

34. Fall 2005 34 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Usability Labs and User Studies Choosing users Choosing users Selecting tasks Selecting tasks Providing a system Providing a system Planning data collection Planning data collection Think aloud method Think aloud method Measuring the bottom line performance Measuring the bottom line performance Setting up the study Setting up the study The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

35. Fall 2005 35 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Georgia Tech Lab Setup The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

36. Fall 2005 36 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Usability Lab at Sun The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

37. Fall 2005 37 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Lab Setup at theUEgroup The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

38. Fall 2005 38 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Microsoft Lab Layout The content of this slide is adopted from the lecture materials of the Methods course (17-652) at Carnegie Mellon University.

39. Fall 2005 39 ICE 0575 – Methods: Deciding What to Design © In-Young Ko, Information and Communications University Questions??