1. THOUGHTS & PHILOSOPHY ACCORDING TO DERRICK

2. And my daughter, Dana Derrick says
CLASS GOALS
One of my goals is to have YOU say “I will never look at a stream the same again”
Using the conceptual thought process, let’s break down complex problems into manageable units, & think the problem through to a goal-based solution.
Your job is to think about what I (and other teachers in other classes) teach and decide whether it applies to either your situation, or situations you might encounter in the future
And my daughter, Dana Derrick says
“You have to have that brain thing going on.” She was talking about our basset Cleophus figuring out how to climb up on the bed, but hey, it applies here too!!
THINKING HARD HERE!

3. And rivers meander too, these are natural river functions
If you can, let your river be a river!! Let it breathe and have some freedom!

4. A Laboratory Study of the Meandering of Alluvial Rivers.
By J. F. Friedkin, Captain, Corps of Engineers - 1 May 1945.
If you can, let your river be a river!! Let it breathe and have some freedom!

5. USE GOOD SCIENCE, FUNCTION-BASED DESIGN, & RIVER EXPERIENCE IN DECISION MAKING

6. Goal and Function-Based Design (WHAT IN THE WORLD ARE YOU TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH?)

7. WATER IN = WATER OUT SEDIMENT IN = SEDIMENT OUT CARBON IN = CARBON OUT
SIMPLE GOALS:
Photo by Nate Muenks, MoDOT

8. GOAL: a broad statement that reflects a desired outcome
GOAL: a broad statement that reflects a desired outcome. “The project needs shade” OBJECTIVES: are specific statements that state GOALS in measurable terms. “In 5 years between 45-75% of the project should be shaded”

9. ASK YOURSELF, IF WE “DO NOTHING” DOES THIS PROBLEM GET BETTER OR WORSE ???

10. STEPS IN A PROJECT Initiate Plan & develop goals Gather data & analyze
Conceptually develop how water should flow through the project
Develop conceptual designs
Analyze and develop the final design (P&S)
Construction & Inspection: Original design team members should be involved in construction oversight
Monitoring

11. i am a minimalist, ask not how high the hard protection has to go, but how low can we take it (long, low and hydraulically smooth is the idea)… Nudge the river, never fight it!!!!
Minimal hard protection has to go hand-in-hand with laying back the banks to a stable angle & planting all of the appropriate vegetation (aquatic, emergent, pioneer, veg within the protection and mid- and upper bank areas)
RE-USE EVERYTHING THAT HAS TO BE MOVED OR REMOVED

12. First Law of River Engineering:
Complex Problems Often Have
Simple, Easy-to-Understand
WRONG ANSWERS

13. Daughter Dana, the Math major!
Stabilizing a stream is sometimes kind of like grabbing a snake in the middle!
Daughter Dana, the Math major!

14. Second Law of River Engineering:
COOKBOOKS
COOKBOOK
Tweak existing techniques for the job at hand

15. Third Law of River Engineering:
“Streambank Stabilization Aint Rocket Science, It Is Way More Complex Than That”, (Dr. Biedenharn) “With Many More Variables and Unknowns!!” (Dave Derrick)

16. Do U see a shadow from the astronaut
Do U see a shadow from the astronaut? Picture taken by me at the Huntsville NASA display

17. Fourth Law of River Engineering:
"Natural Systems Are Complex, And Disturbed Systems Are Even More Complex!!!"
Charlie Elliott
COE-LMVD, Retired
Bernice, LA

18. Last Law of River Engineering:
When in over your head, go get help!
IF ANYONE SAYS THEY HAVE ALL OF THE ANSWERS, THEY DON’T!!!

19. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
NO SURPRISES !!
NO DRAMA !!
NO BACKING UP !!

20. PERMITS - get regulatory involved early
First thought from regulatory ….. Avoidance & minimalization….
List all alternatives – not just your best plan. Show how U have minimized already.
Regulatory folks are 99% biologists, emphasize the effects of the project on the planet. Hint: roughness = habitat…
Regulatory wants it done correctly, once!!

21. Luxuries We Like To Have
The “Luxury of Space”
The “Luxury of Time” (nature strengthens the project over time)
The “Luxury of Monitoring”
The “Luxury of Adaptive Management”
Think conceptually regarding functions, use Derrick’s “LAW OF EXTREMES” to understand how things work. Example-ditch narrow & deep, or 5 ft wide & 1 inch deep

22. Aftercare You will never get everything correct the first time around
If you do it was a miracle
Or you are the luckiest person on the planet
Or it has not rained yet
Or the project is overbuilt
All projects should take two years to construct. Build it, monitor over the first year, then repair & apply adaptive management as required (based on project goals), then monitor some more.
Aftercare

23. For many stabilization and habitat structures there are no hard and fast design criteria. Judgment based on riverine experience & expertise and the ability to access field conditions and modify plans and construction accordingly are a significant component of a successful project. Stream has changed since design!! Stream has changed since permitting!!

24. THE WEATHER AINT NORMAL ANYMORE!!!
“Blackwater's flooding spurs scrutiny” Washington Times - Washington, DC. Six of the 10 worst floods on record for the river have occurred in the past eight years, according to the US Army Corps of Engineers……..
THE WEATHER AINT NORMAL ANYMORE!!!

25. TOP 6 REASONS THAT I SEE STREAM PROJECTS FAIL
Project goals and functions not thoroughly thought out
Start and end points wrong (project did not go far enough upstream or downstream, or both)
Inadequate keys
Scour at the toe, or foundation failure of foundation –dependant stabilization methods
Inappropriate use of redirective methods (not applicable)
Folks simply did not understand where water was going and what was guiding it. YOU HAVE TO THINK LIKE WATER & SEE WHAT WATER SEES!

26. Protection starts late & ends early, resulting in erosion at both ends of the project!!!
FEMME CREEK, ST. LOUIS AREA, MO.

27. STUDY NATURE - UNDERSTAND WHAT IS WORKING AND WHY!!

28. Attack Angles, Thalweg Profile, & cross-sections.
Note: There are sine waves for both stream planform, & the vertical profile!

29. HOW STREAMS NATURALLY DISSIPATE ENERGY !!
Purloined from Brad Humber, The Nature Conservancy
Longitudinal Profile
Speak about habitat in reference to facet types Cover/Breeding/Food

30. HOW TO TELL WHEN A POOL IS WORKING PROPERLY

31. Gravel-cobble bed, 1% slope, rural, pool-riffle-pool
Looking US at a properly functioning pool, note roostertail dies out at DS end of pool during bankfull event, 9/1/2005, McKinstry Creek, Delevan, NY

32. Gravel-cobble bed, 1% slope, rural, pool-riffle-pool
Looking US at a properly functioning pool, note roostertail dies out at DS end of pool during bankfull event, 9/1/2005, McKinstry Creek, Delevan, NY

33. Looking DS at a pool that is not functioning as well, fast water through length of pool. Needs to have more volume in pool, or roughness, McKinstry Creek, Delevan, NY

34. STABILIZE HEADCUTS FIRST, THEN WORRY ABOUT BANK INSTABILITY SECOND

35. HEADCUTS GONE BAD!!

36. Huge problems with perchlorate interception from the groundwater table
Las Vegas Wash, NV. has degraded from a 3 ft deep by 100 ft wide channel in 1975, to a 40 ft deep by up to 1,000 ft wide channel in 1995
Huge problems with perchlorate interception from the groundwater table
I am standing on the roots of dead wetland plants, over 2,200 acres of wetlands lost

37. Then
2,400 Acres of Wetlands

38. Now
2000 acres of wetlands lost !
Photo by Gerry Hester

39. SEVERAL LOW GRADE CONTROL STRUCTURES ARE BETTER THAN ONE BIG MONSTER GRADE CONTROL STRUCTURE

40. SELF-ADJUSTING, GRADE CONTROL STRUCTURES WORK WELL !!

41. Arresting an active headcut at the downstream end of the Articulating Concrete Mattress

42. Looking US 10 months after project completion, veg looking good, note mat has arrested a small headcut
July 2004

43. Submar ACM system has arrested a larger headcut
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
April 2006

44. 1-year later, larger headcut arrested by Submar mat
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
March 2007

45. Note uneven DS edge of adjusting mat. Pipeline still well protected.
April 2007

46. A more uniform adjustment of the mat to the headcut, but still approximately 14 ft until the headcut gets back to the pipeline.
Pix by Derrick
March 18, 2009

47. Nine Mile Run. 7 million dollars to build,
Nine Mile Run * 7 million dollars to build, * 63% of structures had functionally failed in 20 months:
100K & 10 days to re-rehabilitate
800 tons of stone
3,000 plants
gobs of stone reused (use used stone)
“Based on the interagency publication, Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices, this introductory training covers:
Stream corridor ecosystems and their components
Ecological processes, structure & functions
Characterization and analysis of stream corridors
Development of a restoration plan
Design, implementation, monitoring, and
Integrated, iterative, adaptive, flexible approaches”.

48. 9 Mile Run-Looking US at a Cross-Vane. Fish passage???
“Based on the interagency publication, Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices, this introductory training covers:
Stream corridor ecosystems and their components
Ecological processes, structure & functions
Characterization and analysis of stream corridors
Development of a restoration plan
Design, implementation, monitoring, and
Integrated, iterative, adaptive, flexible approaches”.
April 2007

49. Looking US-Structure 18: Engineered Rock Riffle (Structures 17 &16 in background)
November 12, 2007

50. THE SECRET TO BANK STABILIZATION: MAKE THE BANK THAT IS PROTECTING SOMETHING TOUGHER & HYDRAULICALLY ROUGHER THAN THE OPPOSITE BANK (OPPOSITE BANK SHOULD BE SMOOTHER & WEAKER)

51. A bank protection project should start & end in stable (usually depositional) areas.

52. KEY ALL STRUCTURES INTO THE BANK

53. A key has one main function: to connect bank protection (or a river training structure) to the rest of the world, & not let the river “flank” (get behind) the improvement or protection works.

54. Flanked perpendicular grade control structure
Flanked perpendicular grade control structure. Water should be flowing over this structure.
“Based on the interagency publication, Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices, this introductory training covers:
Stream corridor ecosystems and their components
Ecological processes, structure & functions
Characterization and analysis of stream corridors
Development of a restoration plan
Design, implementation, monitoring, and
Integrated, iterative, adaptive, flexible approaches”.
9 Mile Run - April 2007

55. VEGETATE THE KEYS TO MAKE THEM HYDRAULICALLY ROUGHER

56. Constructed Engineered Rocked Riffle with extended vegetated keys
“Based on the interagency publication, Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices, this introductory training covers:
Stream corridor ecosystems and their components
Ecological processes, structure & functions
Characterization and analysis of stream corridors
Development of a restoration plan
Design, implementation, monitoring, and
Integrated, iterative, adaptive, flexible approaches”.
Sept 27, 2007

57. VEGETATION CAN HOLD YOUR WORLD TOGETHER !!!

58. ONONDAGA COUNTY BUILT A PROJECT WITHOUT A PERMIT BUFFALO DISTRICT REGULATORY ASKED ME TO BRING THEM INTO COMPLIANCE RESULT: 1-DAY HANDS-ON WORKSHOP FOR 44 PEOPLE PLANTS PLANTED IN 6 HRS

59. PLANT PLANTS ON A GRID (PERPENDICULAR & PARALLEL TO THE DIRECTION OF HIGH FLOW)

60. Rubber tired backhoe digs 4-5 ft deep trench with a narrow bucket
Rubber tired backhoe digs 4-5 ft deep trench with a narrow bucket. Pix by Bill Frederick

61. Many hands get things done quickly, 2,740 plants planted in about 6 hours. That’s why they call it a workshop. Pix by Derrick

62. TWO-STAGE SLIT TRENCH TECHNIQUE
Plant other species that require less water than the willow. In this case Sycamore & Red Osier Dogwood

63. LET’S SEE HOW IT GROWS

64. BEFORE 5-15-2007 8:00am. Pix by Derrick

65. AFTER 5-15-2007 noon. Pix by Derrick

66. Black Willow, Streamco Willow, Red Osier Dogwood & Sycamore were planted using the Slit Trench bioengineering method RPM container plants (7 species of trees & shrubs) were planted in the green oval areas.
Plantings form a grid to flow. No matter how water flows through the project, it encounters rows of vegetation (Living Dikes)

67. Aug 3, 2007 {less than 3 months after installation}
Aug 3, 2007 {less than 3 months after installation}. Looking US at right bank floodplain. Pix by Mark Schaub

68. 2 YEARS & 1 MONTH AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photos by Derrick JUNE 18, 2009

69. 2 YEARS LATER-Onondaga Cr.@ Nichol Rd Bridge-DERRICK 6-18-2009
2 YEARS & 1 MONTH LATER-Looking the planted floodplain (Mark hidden in plants). Very lush growth, dense as desired from a hydraulic point of view.
2 YEARS LATER-Onondaga Nichol Rd Bridge-DERRICK

70. 2 YEARS & 1 MONTH LATER-Mark with 10-14 ft tall willows.
2 YEARS & 1 MONTH LATER-Onondaga Nichol Rd Bridge-DERRICK

71. VINES – THE OVERLOOKED RESTORATION TECHNIQUE Use to shade stone & improve aesthetics

72. 1 YEAR LATER-Looking planted Virginia Creeper vines on stacked stone wall. Great vine growth for first year
1 YEAR LATER-BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-A - DERRICK

73. “NO-MOW STONES” DESIGNED TO EFFECTIVELY KEEP RIPARIAN AREAS FROM GETTING ACCIDENTALLY MOWED.
Swan Highland Park, Toledo, OH

74. “NO-MOW STONES” are dug into the ground several inches to reduce movement from vandals or equipment strikes.

75. 2. 75 YEARS LATER-”No-Mow” stones ringing an important riparian area
2.75 YEARS LATER-”No-Mow” stones ringing an important riparian area. Stones are dug in to resist movement from any force
2.75 YEARS LATER-SWAN HIGHLAND-DERRICK

76. Cleophus Speed Elvis Derrick!!
Here he is in action!

77. RIGID OBJECTS IN DYNAMIC SYSTEMS TEND TO FAIL CATASTROPHICALLY DURING THE CATASTROPHIC EVENT!!

78. When the concrete-lined channel breaks up it is not pretty, Vensel Creek, Tulsa, OK

79. SELF-ADJUSTING, SELF-HEALING BANK STABILIZATION METHODS ARE BEST!!

80. Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP)
As-built
After a couple of high flow events stream has scoured at the toe & stone has self-adjusted
Sediment has deposited landward of the LPSTP

81. Johnson Creek, MS. Pre-project rapidly eroding near-vertical bank {rural, sand bed, slope < 1%, pool-riffle-pool, meandering, incised}
Mini case study: 1 of 3

82. Johnson Creek, MS. As-built protection consists of Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe protection (LPSTP) applied at 1 ton/ lineal foot
Mini case study: 2 of 3

83. Johnson Creek-LPSTP one year later (note volunteer willow growth)
Mini case study: 3 of 3

84. Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection {installed 1977, picture taken Sept 2003} at Batapan Bogue, Grenada, MS. LPSTP has launched as intended (note steep angle of repose), armored the scour hole as expected, & mature vegetation is assisting with overall bank stability

85. CASE STUDY- Hickahala Creek Pipeline Protection Project at milepost Tate County, Senatobia, MS Constructed Sept Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection {LFSTP} with upper bank paving

86. Looking US at the entire stream trying to flow underneath the exposed pipeline, the first bend downstream of a long straight stretch is hard to repair, the water does not want to turn!!! This stream put sediment 1,000 ft in a straight line out into the farmer’s field.

87. Self-adjusting stone bank protection

88. Looking US at impinging flow impact zone
Looking US at impinging flow impact zone. Note steep angle where LPSTP was undercut & launched (self-adjusted)
April 2006

89. Note steep angle where LPSTP was undercut and launched (self-adjusted)
Original angle of repose
Launched angle of repose

90. 4 years after construction, very stable, veg growing well
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
4 years after construction, very stable, veg growing well
March 2007

91. 7 years later, bank steep near water but very stable, veg growing well, no rock appears to have launched since high flows hit shortly after construction
April 19, 2011

92. KICK THE THALWEG OUT INTO THE CHANNEL AT LEAST A LITTLE BIT WHEN USING RESISTIVE BANK STABILIZATION METHODS (Bendway Weirs, Locked Logs, Rock Vanes, etc.)

93. THALWEG
AERIAL VIEW OF LPSTP WITH LIVE SILTATION, SOIL CHOKE, LOCKED LOGS, BENDWAY WEIRS, & A PLANTED BANK

94. Thalweg moved out by Locked Logs &Bendway Weirs
“Based on the interagency publication, Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices, this introductory training covers:
Stream corridor ecosystems and their components
Ecological processes, structure & functions
Characterization and analysis of stream corridors
Development of a restoration plan
Design, implementation, monitoring, and
Integrated, iterative, adaptive, flexible approaches”.
Old thalweg alignment
new thalweg alignment
CONSTRUCTION-DUCK CR. E. OF EASTERN AVE. PIX BY DERRICK

95. From DS looking US @ thalweg trace.
“Based on the interagency publication, Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices, this introductory training covers:
Stream corridor ecosystems and their components
Ecological processes, structure & functions
Characterization and analysis of stream corridors
Development of a restoration plan
Design, implementation, monitoring, and
Integrated, iterative, adaptive, flexible approaches”.
CONSTRUCTION-DUCK CR. E. OF EASTERN AVE. PIX BY DERRICK

96. FINAL THOUGHTS
Take as many classes and learn from as many folks as you can
The stream is a system, analyze it that way
Design for minimum structure and maximum function
Imitate nature
Max veg, think little, big, and transplants
Design from the edges of the riparian corridor toward the stream, not the other way around
Think thalweg and energy management
Use flow visualization to achieve project goals

97. Man’s best friend, Cleophus Speed Elvis Derrick