2. Earth’s Surface: Chapter 2 Section 3  MINERALS ARE VALUABLE RESOURCES  Objectives:  1. Identify ways that minerals are used in industry and art.  2. Explain how minerals may form  3. Explain how minerals are mined

3. Minerals in Industry and Art  1. Metals for cars and airplanes  2. Quartz and Feldspar are used for glass  3. Fluorite and Calcite for toothpaste  4. Mica and Talc for paint  Minerals are used in birthstones (gemstone)  Gemstones are grinded and polished before being used in jewelry

4. Common Mineral Uses BauxiteAluminum, foil, airplane parts BoraxAntiseptic soaps, welding flux or cleaner (found in dry lake beds) CalciteMedicine, toothpaste, bldng. materials (hard water deposit, ancient sea beds) CopperTubing, electrical wires, sculptures DiamondCutting tools/ blades/ saws FeldsparCeramics and porcelain, colors in granites (not black) GalenaSource of lead

5. Mineral Uses GraphitePencils, lubricant in machinery GypsumWall board, Plaster of Paris HaliteSalt HematiteSource of iron JadeJewelry, figurines LimoniteLimonite /TaconiteSource of iron (around Cedar City) MuscoviteMuscovite (Mica)MicaWhite, gray material in electrical insulators

6. Mineral Uses JadeJewelry, figurines LimoniteLimonite /TaconiteSource of iron (around Cedar City) MuscoviteMuscovite (Mica)MicaWhite, gray material in electrical insulators QuartzQuartz (massive type) Quartz crystal Quartz crystal Glass manufacturing, radios, computers and electronic equipment SilverJewelry, photography, electrical equip. SulfurFungicides, kills bacteria, vulcanizes rubber, in coal and fuels, fertilizer TalcBaby powder, soapstone, gymnastics to grasp bars

7. Minerals Form in Different Ways 11. Water Evaporates: Halite and Gypsum can form 22. Hot Water Cools: Gold 33. Molten Rock Cools: Magma is molten rock inside the Earth - Minerals can also form from lava -Example: Quartz forms from lava and magma 44. Heat and Pressure Cause Change: Graphite 55. Organisms Produce Minerals: Oysters and Clams produce Calcite. -Your body produces apatite (bone & teeth)

8. Mining  An ore is a rock that contains enough of a mineral to be mined.  Surface Mining: Could be panhandling or strip mining  In strip mining, the plants, soil and unwanted rocks are removed and then the ores are dug out  In open pit mining explosives are used to break up the ground and recover the ores  A much deeper hole is made in open pit mining  In deep mining, miners can work up to 2 miles underground

9. Strip Mining

11. Open Pit Mining

14. Mining Equipment