1. Group Presentations You will have two days to prepare a group PowerPoint presentation on one of the following: – Sand Creek Massacre, Chochise, John M. Chivington, Sitting Bull, George Armstrong Custer, The Battle of Little Bighorn, Wovoka, Massacre at Wounded Knee, Chief Joseph, Geronimo Concentrate your research on the person’s experiences in the West and in the conflict over the region or the importance of the event Graded as a quiz grade using the presentation rubric- 60pts

2. Who might have made this statement and why? “One of our hands holds the rifle and the other the peace-pipe, and we blaze away with both instruments at the same time. The chief consequence is a great smoke- and there it ends.”

3. Chapter 14 The Western Crossroads Section One: War in the West

4. I. Indian Country A.360,000 American Indians west of Mississippi B.Treaties- Indians move to reservations in exchange for money, supplies, and guarantees C.Bureau of Indian Affairs- management D.U.S. failed to honor treaties E.Violence on Santee Sioux reservation in 1862

5. II. Years of Struggle A.Many Plains Indians refused to live on reservations B.Sand Creek 1.Colorado Territory- Cheyenne and Arapaho forces clash with local militia 2.Chief Black Kettle set up camp (women and children) to make peace 3.U.S. Army colonel John M. Chivington- opened fire on the camp- 200 died 4.Prompted raids by tribes across plains 5.Treaty of Medicine Lodge and Fort Laramie

6. II. Years of Struggle Cont. C. Little Bighorn 1. 1874- gov. violates Treaty 2. Sitting Bull- opposed intrusion 3. Battle of Rosebud 4. June 25, 1876- Gen. George Armstrong Custer- The Battle of Little Bighorn 5. increased efforts to force reservations D. Ghost Dance 1. Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota 2. Wovoka- religious movement 3. Dec. 15 1890- Sitting Bull killed

7. II. Years of Struggle cont. E. Wounded Knee 1. Big Foot, Sioux leader and group 2. ordered seizure of Indian rifles 3. soldiers fire into camp 4. Massacre at Wounded Knee 5. end of bloody conflict

8. Sources of Conflict between the Plains Indians and the U.S. Government List the sources of conflict

9. III. The End of Resistance A.Nez Perce- Chief Joseph B.Apache and Geronimo 1. Surrender marked the end of armed resistance

10. IV. Voices of Protest A.Indian Rights Association B.Women’s National Indian Association C.Sarah Winnecmucca- Thoc-me-tony

11. V. Assimilating American Indians A.Dawes General Allotment Act- land for farming B.Many rejected