1. Urban Geography
The last chapter

2. Early Cities
Feudal cities- showed power of military, ran with little diversity and organization
European Cities- grew after Renaisance period, finally the end of feudal cities
Colonial cities- small cities with regional leaders sent by European powers
Industrial revolution led to the invention of the modern city

3. Modern Cities
Gateway City- a city that acts as the main distribution point between huge geographic areas, example the ports of San Fransisco, and LAX
Medieval Cities- densly packed with winding streets and a central church, remains of the European cities
Islamic cities- Many walls and dead end streats, based off of muslim faith
Latin American cities- majorly unplanned cities that grew from colonial cities
Grew out of their central business district

4. Beaux arts school Centered in Paris and Vienna
Started city beautiful movement, movement from plain buildings to “fashionable” buildings

5. Modern Architecture Based off of the idea of functionalism
Building are made for the idea of their function
Postmodern architecture is opposite, people thought buildings were too plain so they wanted some light-heartedness seen in their buildings, so they used bright colors, etc.

6. What causes a city to be unique?
The history of the city

7. Spatial Organization
Concentric zone model- zoning of cities using concentric circles with the core being a central business district
Example Chicago
Multiple nuclei model- multiple central business districts
Example Los Angeles
Sector model- having spokes of different districts, many times based off of where the transportation is
Central Business district is still the core
Example Mexico City

8. Ghetto G Dawg Homie
Ghettoization- the movement of the rich out of cities leaving room for poverty in the middle of cities
Rich people move to suburbs
Also known as inner city decay
To stop this, people enacted Urban Revitalization
The process in which urban areas are unghettoitized is called gentrification

9. Urban sprawl
Quick movement to a city causes unplanned growth, called urban sprawl
Much seggrigation occurs as the rich quickly move to the suburbs and outlying lands, these people are called exurbanites
Edge cities, cities that are formed on the edge of the city, are called from this unplanned growth
New laws and the establishment of urban growth boundries try to minimize this
Metropolitan areas are defined by the city and its surrounding communities
Based off of the central place theory, that all of the edge cities are spawned from one central city
Edge cities, also called hinterlands, do no have the major forms of entertainment as the central cities, like sports events, so people live close enough so they can use the central cities cultural activities

10. Rank-size rule
The proportion of small towns to large cities is the rank-size rule
There should be a lot more towns than cities
Not true in many developing world areas
Primate city- a city in an area that overwhelmingly dominates an area
Seoul, South Korea contains 1/3 of the countries population

11. The biggest and the baddest
Where many towns and cities have grown together it creates a megalopolis
A whole area becomes urbanized
Lots of this in the US
Opposite = megacities
Where one city is overwhemingly urban
Plauged with chaotic unplanned growth
Squatter settlements, basic houses made of plastic and whatever people can find, crop up overnight as people make their own housing, making the city grow even bigger

12. Powerful Cities
Just because a city is one of the biggest in population, it does not mean it is the most powerful
Power of a city is its control of world economics, example the New York Stock Exchange *it was able to cause the Great Depression*

13. How to plan a city for dummies
Urban planning is done by urban planners
Kevin Lynch- Image of a City
How well an individual can operate depended on the legibility of urban spaces to find their orientation
Classified cities into 5 elements:
Paths- any transportation route
Edges- any rail lines, walls, rivers, forest
Districts- mental or physical, examples being compton is a mental district as being dangerous, and hollywood is a district of culture
Nodes- Junctions of major paths, the spectrum
Landmarks- anything noticable
Must form a landscape that is easy to navigate, find out where you are when you are lost, and see where you should not go while getting to where you want to go as quick as possible

14. Action Spaces 5 rules of peoples spatial behavior:
People make many more short trips than long trips, this is obvious
People worry little about distence when moving around vary close to home, but far trips require lots of time and planning, how long does it take for you to plan a trip to Europe?
The longest trips are work-related, you are not gonna go 100 miles for a restraunt
Transportation limits some spatial behaviors, if you can’t drive because of the traffic, how are you gonna work?
People avoid perceived hazords, your not gonna walk through East LA to go to work

15. Now
You use those rules to plan a city where people can work, buy food, live, and have recreation in a timely, efficient manor

16. The last chapter
IS DONE!!!

17. Now you need to review: Learn all of the people and their books/laws
Know the key terms
Make sure you understand the concepts
Learn how to write