2. By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

3. Characteristics of Urbanization During the Gilded Age 1.Megalopolis. 2.Mass Transit. 3.Magnet for economic and social opportunities. 4.Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core 5.New frontier of opportunity for women. 6.Squalid living conditions for many. 7.Political machines. 8.Ethnic neighborhoods.

5. William Le Baron Jenney  1832 – 1907  “Father of the Modern Skyscraper”

6. W. Le Baron Jenney: Central Y.M.C.A., Chicago, 1891

7. Louis Sullivan  1856 – 1924  The Chicago School of Architecture  Form follows function!

8. Louis Sullivan: Bayard Bldg., NYC, 1897

9. Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899

10. D. H. Burnham  1846 – 1912  Use of steel as a super structure.

11. DH Burnham: Fisher [Apt.] Bldg, Chicago, 1896

12. D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept. Store, 1902

13. DH Burnham: Railway Exchange, Chicago, 1904

15. New York City Architectural Style: 1870s-1910s 1.The style was less innovative than in Chicago. 2.NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago. 3.Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC  their bldgs. became “logos” for their companies. 4.NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago.

16. Western Union Bldg,. NYC - 1875

17. Manhattan Life Insurance Bldg. NYC - 1893

18. Singer Building NYC - 1902

19. Woolwor th Bldg. NYC - 1911

20. Flatiron Building NYC – 1902 D. H. Burnham

21. Grand Central Station, 1913

22. John A. Roebling: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

23. John A. Roebling: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1913

24. Statue of Liberty, 1876 (Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)

25. “Dumbell” Tenement

26. “Dumbell “ Tenement, NYC

27. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lived (1890)

28. Tenement Slum Living

29. Lodgers Huddled Together

30. Mulberry Street Bend, 1889

31. 5-Cent Lodgings

32. Men’s Lodgings

33. Women’s Lodgings

34. Immigrant Family Lodgings

35. Blind Beggar, 1888

36. Italian Rag-Picker

37. 1890s ”Morgue” – Basement Saloon

38. ”Black & Tan” Saloon

39. ”Bandits’ Roost”

40. Mullen’s Alley ”Gang”

41. The Street Was Their Playground

42. Lower East Side Immigrant Family

43. A Struggling Immigrant Family

44. Another Struggling Immigrant Family

45. Rosa Schneiderman, Garment Worker

46. Child Labor

47. Average Shirtwaist Worker’s Week 51 hours or less4,5545% 52-57 hours65,03379% 58-63 hours12,21115% Over 63 hours5621% Total employees, men and women 82,360

48. Womens’ Trade Union League

49. Women Voting for a Strike!

50. Local 25 with Socialist Paper, The Call

51. Social and Political Activists Clara Lemlich, Labor Organizer Carola Woerishoffer, Bryn Mawr Graduate

52. Public Fear of Unions/Anarchists

53. Arresting the Girl Strikers for Picketing

54. Scabs Hired

56. “The Shirtwaist Kings” Max Blanck and Isaac Harris

57. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Asch Building, 8 th and 10 th Floors

59. Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910

65. Inside the Building After the Fire

66. Most Doors Were Locked

68. Crumpled Fire Escape, 26 Died

69. One of the Heroes

70. 10 th Floor After the Fire

71. Dead Bodies on the Sidewalk

72. One of the “Lucky” Ones?

73. Rose Schneiderman The Last Survivor

74. Scene at the Morgue

75. Relatives Review Bodies 145 Dead

76. Page of the New York Journal

77. Tenement Slum Living

78. Struggling Immigrant Families

79. Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

80. St. Patrick’s Cathedral

81. Hester Street – Jewish Section

82. Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC