1. Performance enhancing drugs
This group some of the socially acceptable drugs, and many of the illegal drugs.

2. WHAT IS A DRUG?
IT IS A SUBSTANCE TAKEN TO PRODUCE EXPECTED AND WELCOME PHYSICAL AND / OR PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON THE PERSON TAKING IT. ( THEY ALSO HAVE SIDE EFEECTS WHICH ARE UNPLEASANT AND UNWANTED)

3. WHY TAKE DRUGS IN SPORT?
DISCUSS WITH PARTNER AND WRITE LIST (5 MINS)

4. SOME POSSIBLE REASONS:
ENHANCE PERFORMANCE AND THEREFORE GAIN AN UNFAIR ADVANTAGE.
TRAIN HARDER – LONGER, INTENSITY ETC.
MONEY
PERSONAL ESTEEM AND SATISFACTION
MASK PAIN
COPE WITH STRESS ASSCOCIATED WITH EVENT.
PERFORMANCE DRUGS – PROHIBITED CLASSES
PROHIBITED METHODS

5. TASK…………
TASK – READ HANDOUTS AND USE TEXT TO WRITE ABOUT THE DIFFERENT CLASS OF DRUGS AND THEIR EFFECTS – THIS COULD BE DONE IN THE FORM OF A TABLE.
SUBSTANCE
IMPACT
SIDE EFFECTS

6. Prohibited classes of substances
Stimulants
Narcotics
Anabolic agents
Diuretics
Peptide, chemical and physical manipulation.

7. Stimulants
Include amphetamines, ephedrine & cocaine, as well as nicotine and caffeine.
These drugs stimulate the CNS
Making you more alert
Helps overcome tiredness
Used to offset the effects of lactic acid in the muscles.
Side effects include
Insomnia
Irregular heart beat, increased HR & high BP
Some are highly addictive.

8. Narcotics/analgesics
Includes heroin, methadone, pethidine & morphine.
They depress the CNS
Giving relief from painful injuries
Side effects
Loss of concentration, balance, & co-ordination.

9. Anabolic Steroids
Most common drugs used to enhance sports performance.
Testosterone, stanozonal, nandrolone and bodlenone.
Mimic the male hormone testosterone
Increase muscle mass and develop bone growth.
Therefore increase strength
Also allow you to train harder.
Increases aggression
Side effects
Deepen the voice & cause the growth of facial hair.
Mood swings and aggression
Increased risk of CHD’s.

10. Diuretics
Used to increase the amount of urine produced & to increase kidney function.
Speeding up the elimination of fluid from the body
Will cause rapid weight loss.
Also taken to reduce the concentration of any other banned substances that may be present in the athete’s urine sample.
Side effects
Dehydration
Dizziness
Muscle cramps
Headaches
Nausea
Long term effect = kidney problems

11. Peptide, chemical & physical manipulation
This type of drug is often used to produce the same effects as anabolic steroids.
Increase muscle growth, to assist in recovery from injury & heavy training, & to increase the number of red blood cells
Synthetically produced hormones such as hGH & EPO which when taken in large doses can have performance enhancing effects.
hGH
Human growth hormone is now used by some athletes to increase muscle development.
Thought to be fewer side effects than steroids.
No urine test for hGH, but can be detected through a blood test.
EPO
Erythropoiten used to treat people with anaemia.
Increases the production of red blood cells
Increases the amount of haemoglobin available to take up oxygen.
Increases aerobic capacity.
Blood test was introduced for the Sydney Olympics.
Side effects
Thickens the blood, which also happens because of dehydration
The result is that it is much more difficult for blood to pass through small capillaries
Increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke.

12. Blood Doping
Prohibited method used to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the haemoglobin in the blood.
After a period of training carried out at high altitude, blood can be taken from the athlete, and stored.
Up to 2 pints.
The body quickly recovers and the normal eight pints is soon restored.
Before competition the stored blood is put back into the athlete’s bloodstream
Can increase performance by as much as 20%
Only in certain cases can this process be detected.
But the risks are great, if blood is taken from another person, of getting an infectious disease (HIV, hepatitis B) or a severe reaction affecting the kidneys if the wrong typed blood is used. There is also the risk of overloading the circulatory system and going into metabolic shock

13. The International Olympic Committee (IOC)
“To protect the health … ensure respect for both medical and sport ethics … enforce equality for all competing athletes.
The IOC have strict rules on prohibited substances.
There are over 4000 of them.
The IOC conduct random tests of athletes, both in season and during the off season.
By urine sample
Sample is split into two smaller samples
The first of these is tested and checked against a database.
If any drugs are found to be present the second sample is tested with the athlete present.

14. EXRTRA…. EPO – INCREASE BLOOD CELL COUNT
HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE – BONE DEVELOPMENT AND MIMIC PUBERTY.
THIS COULD BE DONE FOR HOMEWORK
BLOOD DOPING
TRAIN AT ALTITUDE
TAKE 2 PINTS AND FREEZE
REINTRODUCE RED BLOOD CELLS NEAR COMPETITION.