1. Albert Bandura and Observational Learning What things did you have to watch/observe in order to learn? Module 17: Observational Learning

2. Learning by observing and watching others (the model) Model In observational learning, the person whose behavior the subject watches and imitates Modeling The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

3. Albert Bandura (1925- ) American psychologist who has done major studies in observational learning Studies the consequences a model has on subjects Bobo Doll experiments

4. The Bobo Doll Experiments Child is playing in a room when an adult in the room begins a series of violent behaviors…to a Bobo Doll. –While beating Bobo, the adult would shout things like, “sock him in the nose…Hit him down…kick him”. Next kids went to a play room with lots of toys. When kid was happily playing the researcher would make them stop b/c cool toys were for other kids Frustrated child not taken to another room with few toys – including Bobo. –How do you think the child behaved towards Bobo? Child shown aggressive behavior earlier mimicked exact behavior.

5. Bobo Doll Experiment

6. Testing Vicarious Learning What are the effects of consequences delivered to the model…would it effect the observer??? Vicarious learning: –Learning by seeing the consequence of another’s behavior Bandura made a film of adult beating Bobo to show children; were three endings researchers could chose from: –1. Adult model is praised. –2. Adult model is punished. –3. The model receives neither a reward or punishment. How will these children's behavior differ?

7. Results After viewing the video, each group of children spent time with the Bobo doll. –Group #1: behaved most aggressively in the play room. –Group #2: behaved least aggressively. Has Vicarious learning taken place?

8. Modeling Requirements Bandura suggests four requirements for effective modeling to occur: –Attention –Retention –Ability to reproduce the behavior –Motivation

9. Observational Learning in Everyday Life Module 17: Observational Learning

10. Anti-social/Pro-social Behavior Anti-social behavior - negative, destructive unhelpful behavior Pro-social behavior – positive, constructive, helpful behavior Both types of behavior can be modeled effectively. –What do we call model’s of pro-social behavior? Examples of celebrities who are in between?

11. Observational Learning of Violence From the Media Can you think of any violent shows or video games you have played/seen? Could observational learning take place? Could vicarious learning take place? Module 17: Observational Learning

12. http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=zerCK0lRjp8