1. PNS: Somatic and Visceral Biol. 211 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Tony Serino, Ph.D. Biology Department Misericordia University

2. (Visceral)

3. Cranial Nerves

4. CN I: Olfactory Nerve

5. CN II: Optic Nerve

6. CN III: Occulomotor Nerve Superior Orbital Fissure Midbrain Pons Oculomotor N. (III) Ciliary ganglion Inferior Rectus muscle Inferior Oblique muscle Superior Rectus muscle Medial Rectus muscle Levator Palpabrae muscle Parasympathetic Motor fibers

7. CN IV: Trochlear Nerve

8. CN V: Trigeminal Nerve

9. CN VI: Abducens Nerve

10. CN VII: Facial Nerve

11. CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve

12. CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve

13. CN X: Vagus Nerve

14. CN XI: Accessory Nerve

15. CN XII: Hypoglossal Nerve

16. Spinal Nerves and Plexuses

17. Spinal Nerve Anatomy

18. Cervical Plexus Serves neck and diaphragm

19. Brachial Plexus and pectoral nerves

20. Brachial Plexus Innervates most of the arm and some of the body wall.

21. Lumbar Plexus Innervate the anterior leg.

22. Sacral Plexus Innervates the posterior leg

23. A dermatome is the area of skin innervated by the cutaneous branches of a single sensory spinal nerve All spinal nerves except C 1 participate in dermatomes Dermatomes

24. Reflex Arc

25. Stretch Reflex

26. Stretching the muscle activates the muscle spindle Excited  motor neurons of the spindle cause the stretched muscle to contract Afferent impulses from the spindle result in inhibition of the antagonist Example: patellar reflex –Tapping the patellar tendon stretches the quadriceps and starts the reflex action –The quadriceps contract and the antagonistic hamstrings relax

28. The opposite of the stretch reflex Contracting the muscle activates the Golgi tendon organs Afferent Golgi tendon neurons are stimulated, neurons inhibit the contracting muscle, and the antagonistic muscle is activated As a result, the contracting muscle relaxes and the antagonist contracts Golgi Tendon Reflex

29. Flexor and Crossed Extensor Reflexes The flexor reflex is initiated by a painful stimulus (actual or perceived) that causes automatic withdrawal of the threatened body part The crossed extensor reflex has two parts –The stimulated side is withdrawn –The contralateral side is extended

32. Neurotransmission Scenario

33. ANS Divsions

34. Parasympathetic (Craniosacral)

35. Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar)

36. Sympathetic Ganglia

38. Levels of Control in ANS