1. Cranial Nerves

3. III 1 V VI 2
VII
VIII 3 IX 4 XI 5
XII

4. 1 2 IV 3 4 6 5 7 9 8 10

5. Cranial Nerve 1: Olfactory Nerve
Anosmia
Patients complain of loss of taste.
Head injury is a common cause.

6. Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve

7. Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens
Nucleus in midbrain
Innervates 4 extraocular muscles and functions in most eye movements
Contains parasympathetic which innervates pupillary constrictor muscles
and ciliary muscle of lens.
Trochlear
Nucleus in midbrain
Nerve exits dorsal surface and crosses over
Moves eye medially and downward
Abducens
Nucleus in pons
Moves eye laterally

8. Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve
Trigeminal ganglion
Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions
Sensory: Touch, pain, temp, proprioception for face, mouth,
anterior 2/3 of tongue, nasal sinuses.
Motor: Muscles of chewing, tensor tympani muscle

9. Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
Motor function: muscles of facial expression.
Parasympathetic function: innervation of lacrimal glands and some salivary gland.
Visceral sensory function: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

10. Facial Nerve Lesions cause paralysis in face Bell’s Palsy
Facial nerve is impaired and then gradually recovers.
Cause unknown,(viral or inflammatory)

11. Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Auditory and vestibular sensation
Travels with facial nerve
Branches go to cochlea, vestibule

12. Vestibular and Cochlear Sensory Organs

13. Lesions in Auditory Pathway
During auditory seizures: patients often report tones from the side opposite the cortical area involved in the seizure.
Vertigo can be caused by damage to vestibular pathways

14. Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Motor function: stylopharyngeus muscle which elevates pharynx during
talking and swallowing and participates in gag reflex.
Parasympathetic function: innervation of parotid salivary gland.
Visceral sensory function: taste from posterior1/3 of tongue

15. Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve
Motor function: pharyngeal muscles (swallowing) & laryngeal muscles (vocalization)
Parasympathetic function: innervation of heart, lungs, most if digestive tract.
Somatic sensation function: sensation from pharynx, meninges,
external auditory meatus.

16. Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve
Motor : sternomastoid upper trapezius muscles

17. Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve
Motor function: intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles.