1. cranial nerves

2. Names of cranial nerves Ⅰ Olfactory nerve Ⅱ Optic nerve Ⅲ Oculomotor nerve Ⅳ Trochlear nerve Ⅴ Trigeminal nerve Ⅵ Abducent nerve Ⅶ Facial nerve Ⅷ Vestibulocochlear nerve Ⅸ Glossopharyngeal nerve Ⅹ Vagus nerve Ⅺ Accessory nerve Ⅻ Hypoglossal nerve

3. Functional components General somatic afferent fibers (GSA): transmit exteroceptive and proprioceptive impulses from head and face to somatic sensory nuclei Special somatic afferent fibers (SSA): transmit sensory impulses from special sense organs of vision, equilibrium and hearing to the brain General visceral afferent fibers (GVA): transmit interoceptive impulses from the viscera to the visceral sensory nuclei Special visceral afferent fibers (SVA): transmit sensory impulses from special sense organs of smell and taste to the brain General somatic efferent fibers (GSE): innervate skeletal muscles of eye and tongue Special visceral efferent fibers (SVE): transmit motor impulses from the brain to skeletal muscles derived from brachial (gill) arches of embryo. These include the muscles of mastication, facial expression and swallowing General visceral efferent fibers (GVE): transmit motor impulses from the general visceral motor nuclei and relayed in parasympathetic ganglions. The postganglionic fibers supply cardiac muscles ， smooth muscles and glands

4. Classification of cranial nerves Sensory cranial nerves: contain only afferent (sensory) fibers  Ⅰ Olfactory nerve  Ⅱ Optic nerve  Ⅷ Vestibulocochlear nerve Motor cranial nerves: contain only efferent (motor) fibers  Ⅲ Oculomotor nerve  Ⅳ Trochlear nerve  Ⅵ Abducent nerve  Ⅺ Accessory nerv  Ⅻ Hypoglossal nerve Mixed nerves: contain both sensory and motor fibers---  Ⅴ Trigeminal nerve,  Ⅶ Facial nerve,  Ⅸ Glossopharyngeal nerve  Ⅹ Vagus nerve

5. Sensory cranial nerves N.Location of cell body and axon categories Cranial exit Terminal nuclei Main action Ⅰ Olfactory cells (SVA) Cribrifom foramina Olfactory bulb Smell Ⅱ Ganglion cells (SSA) Optic canal Lateral geniculate body Vision Ⅷ Vestibular ganglion(SSA) Internal acoustic meatus Vestibular nuclei Equilibri um Cochlear ganglion (SSA) Cochlear nuclei Hearing

6. Motor cranial nerves N.Nucleus of origin and axon categories Cranial exitMain action Ⅲ Nucleus of oculomotor (GSE) Superior orbital fissure Motor to superior, inferior and medial recti; inferior oblique; levator palpebrae superioris Accessory nucleus of oculomotor (GVE) Parasympathetic to sphincter pupillea and ciliary muscles Ⅳ Nucleus of trochlear nerve (GSE) Superior orbital fissure Motor to superior oblique Ⅵ Nucleus of abducent nerve (GSE) Superior orbital fissure Motor to lateral rectus Ⅺ Nucleus of accessory nerve (SVE) Jugular foramenMotor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius Ⅻ Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve( GSE) Hypoglossal canalMotor to muscles of tongue except palatoglossus

7. General somatic efferent nuclei Nucleus of oculomotor n. Nucleus of trochlear n. Nucleus of abducent n. Nucleus of hypoglossal n.

8. Special visceral motor nuclei Motor nucleus of trigeminal n. Nucleus of facial n. Nucleus ambiguous Accessory nucleus

9. Special visceral efferent nuclei NucleusSiteCranial n.Function Motor nucleus of trigeminal n. Pons Ⅴ Masticatory muscles, tensor palati & t. tympani Nucleus of facial n.Pons Ⅶ Facial m., platysma, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius Nucleus ambiguusMedulla Ⅸ,Ⅹ.ⅪⅨ,Ⅹ.Ⅺ Skeletal m. of pharynx, larynx and upper part of esophagus Accessory nucleusMedulla- cervical cord Ⅺ Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

10. General visceral motor nuclei Accessory oculomotor nucleus Superior salivatory nucleus Inferior salivertory nucleus Dorsal nucleus of vagus n.

11. General visceral efferent nuclei NucleusSiteCranial nerve Function Accessory oculomotor nucleus Midbrain Ⅲ Sphincter pupillae and ciliary m. Superior salivatory nucleus Pons Ⅶ Submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glands Inferior salivertory nucleus Medulla Ⅸ Parotid gland Dorsal nucleus of vagus n. medulla Ⅹ Many cervical, thoracic and abdominal viscera

12. Visceral sensory nuclei ( general and special ) Nucleus of solitary tract

13. Visceral sensory nuclei ( general and special ) NucleusSiteCranial n.Function Nucleus of solitary tract Medulla Ⅶ,Ⅸ,ⅩⅦ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ Taste and visceral sensation

14. General somatic afferent nuclei Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n. Main sensory nucleus of trigeminal n. Spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.

15. General somatic sensory nuclei NucleusSiteCranial n.Function Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n. Midbrain Ⅴ Proprioception of head Main sensory nucleus of trigeminal n. Pons Ⅴ Tactile sensation of face Spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. Medulla upto 2 nd cx. seg. Ⅴ Pain and temperature sense of face

16. Special somatic afferent nuclei Cochlear nuclei 2 - Dorsal - Ventral Vestibular nuclei 4 - Superior - Inferior - Medial - Lateral

17. Special somatic afferent nuclei NucleusSiteCranial n.Function Cochlear nuclei Pons and medulla Ⅷ Sense of hearing Vestibular nuclei Pons and medulla Ⅷ Sense of equilibrium

18. Non-cranial nerve nuclei NucleusSite Gracile nucleusMedulla (underneath gracile tubercle) Cuneate nucleusMedulla (underneath cuneate tubercle) Superior olivery nucleusPons Pontine nucleuspons Nucleus of inferior colliculusMidbrain Gray matter layers of superior colliculus Midbrain Red nucleusMidbrain Substantia nigraMidbrain Pretectal areaMidbrain