1. nomen mihi est _________ Latin 3 Honors Spring Semester Exam Review May 2011 Stages 28-34

2. 1. Name the parts of speech and define each.
Noun – names of things
Pronoun – takes the place of a noun
Adjective – defines a noun or pronoun
Adverb – describes the action of a verb
Verb – shows action or state of being
Preposition – expresses relationship between 2 nouns
Conjunction – joins two sentences or phrases
Interjection – an exclamation

3. 2. Name the 5 noun cases and the uses of each
Nominative - subject, PN, PA
Genitive - shows possession
Dative - indirect object
Accusative - direct object
Ablative - special uses

4. 3. How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?
Drop the
GENITIVE SINGULAR ending

5. 4. How do you tell the declension to which a noun belongs?
Look at the
GENITIVE SINGULAR
1st = -ae 4th = -us
2nd = -i th = -ei
3rd = -is

6. 5. What are the 1st declension noun endings. puella. puellae puellae
5. What are the 1st declension noun endings? puella puellae puellae puellarum puellae puellis puellam puellas puellā puellis

7. 6. What are the 2nd declension noun endings?
amicus(puer,vir) amici
amici amicorum
amico amicis
amicum amicos

8. 7. What are the 3rd declension noun endings?
mater matres
matris matrum
matri matribus
matrem matres
matre matribus

9. 8. How can you recognize a masculine, feminine, neuter noun in the 5 declensions? masculine 1st declension: P*A*I*N words 2nd declension: -us, -er, -ir in nominative singular 4th declension: -us in nominative, except domus, manus, etc. 5th declension: almost all are feminine except dies feminine 1st declension: almost all except P*A*I*N words 4th declension: domus, manus neuter 2nd declension: -um in nominative singular 3rd declension: -e, -al (mare, animal) 4th declension: -u in nominative (3rd declension is more difficult to tell)

10. 9. State the “overriding” rule of neuter nouns.
Neuter nouns always have the same spelling in the nominative and accusative cases.
Neuter nouns always end in “-a” in the nominative and accusative plurals.

11. Decline a 4th Declension Noun Masculine
portus portūs
portūs portuum
portuī portibus
portum portūs
portū portibus

12. Decline a 4th Declension Noun Neuter
cornu cornua
cornūs cornuum
cornū cornibus
cornū cornua

13. 4th declension nouns ending in -u in the nominative are neuter.
11. What are some fine points to remember about the 4th Declension Nouns?
Most –us 4th declension nouns are masculine, except for feminine nouns domus and manus.
Most masculine nouns in 4th declension are made from the fourth principal parts of verbs.
4th declension nouns ending in -u in the nominative are neuter.

14. 12. Decline a 5th Declension Noun
diēs diēs
diēi diērum
diēi diēbus
diem diēs
diē diēbus

15. 13. What are some fine points to remember about 5th declension nouns?
All 5th declension nouns are feminine except for dies and its compounds
There are no neuter nouns in the 5th declension.
There are no adjectives in the 5th declension.

16. 14. Pay special attention to: dative indirect object Quintus rosam Metellae dedit. dative of advantage Metella Felici togam invenit. dative object of special verbs Caecilius Holconio favit.

17. 15. In what ways do Latin nouns and the adjectives which modify them agree?
Adjectives and the nouns they modify always agree in gender, number, and case.
The endings may not have the same spelling, but they are from the same gender, number and case locations on the endings charts.

18. 16. What are the singular 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings?
masculine feminine neuter
malus mala malum
mali malae mali
malo malae malo
malum malam malum
malo mala malo

19. 17. What are the Plural 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings?
masculine feminine neuter
mali malae mala
malorum malarum malorum
malis malis malis
malos malas mala

20. 18. Decline a 3rd Declension Adjective
singular
celer celeris celere
celeris celeris celeris
celeri celeri celeri
celerem celerem celere
celeri celeri celeri

21. 18. Decline a 3rd Declension Adjective
plural
celeres celeres celeria
celerium celerium celerium
celeribus celeribus celeribus

22. 19. What are the 3 degrees of adjectives [and adverbs]?
positive happy
comparative happier
superlative happiest

23. clarior, clarius clearer
20. Give an example and translation of a regular adjective in the 3 degrees.
clarus,-a,-um clear
clarior, clarius clearer
clarissimus,-a,-um (1st & 2nd Declension) clearest

24. celer, celeris, celere swift celerior, celerius swifter
21. Give an example and translation of a regular adjective in the 3 degrees.
celer, celeris, celere swift
celerior, celerius swifter
celerrimus,-a,-um (3rd Declension) swiftest

25. 22. How is a 1st & 2nd declension adjective made into an adverb?
find the stem and add “e”
clarus: clare
pulcher: pulchre

26. bonus melior optimus malus peior pessimus magnus maior maximus
23. Give examples of irregular adjectives in the comparative and superlative degrees.
bonus melior optimus
good better best
malus peior pessimus
bad worse worst
magnus maior maximus
great, large greater, larger greatest, largest
parvus peius minimus
small smaller smallest

27. 24. How is a 3rd declension adjective made into an adverb?
find the stem and add “ter” or “iter”
celer: celeriter
acer: acriter

28. clarissime most clearly
25. Give an example and translation of a regular adverb in the 3 degrees.
clare clearly
clarius more clearly
clarissime most clearly

29. 26. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees. (positive degree ends in “r”)
celeriter swiftly
celerius more swiftly
celerrime most swiftly

30. 27. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees. (stem changes)
magne greatly
maius more greatly
maxime very greatly

31. porto portare portavi portatus
28. Write the principal parts of porto, name the principal parts, find and name the stems, and show which tenses can be formed onto each stem.
present present perfect perf. pass
indicative infinitive indicative participle
porto portare portavi portatus
present perfect
imperfect

32. 29. How do you recognize the conjugation to which a verb belongs?
Conjugation 1st Prin. Pt nd Prin. Pt
1st …………… -o ……. -are
2nd …………… -eo ……. -ēre
3rd ………… o ……. -ere
3rd ………… io .……. -ere
4th……………. -io ……. -ire

33. (see next 4 slides for close-ups)
30. Write the principal parts of the following verbs: porto, video, duco, capio, audio
porto portare portavi portatum
video videre vidi visum
duco ducere duxi ductum
capio capere cepi captum
audio audire audivi auditum
(see next 4 slides for close-ups)

34. present indicative (column 1)
porto
video
duco
capio
audio

35. present infinitive (column 2)
portare
videre
ducere
capere
audire

36. perfect indicative (column 3)
portavi
vidi
duxi
cepi
audivi

37. perfect passive participle(column 4)
portatus,-a,-um
visus,-a,-um
ductus,-a,-um
captus,-a,-um
auditus,-a,-um

38. porto portare portavi portatum video videre vidi visum
(Review of last 4 slides) Write the principal parts of the following verbs:porto, video, duco, capio, audio
porto portare portavi portatum
video videre vidi visum
duco ducere duxi ductum
capio capere cepi captum
audio audire audivi auditum

39. 32. How do you recognize the present tense?
verb looks more like the 1st principal part
present stem + regular personal endings

40. 33. Write the regular active personal endings
o,m- I mus - WE
s - YOU tis - Y’ALL
t - HE, she, it nt - THEY

41. A verb and its subject agree in person and number
34. What do you have to remember about the agreement between verbs and their subjects?
A verb and its subject agree in person and number

42. 35. How do you translate the present tense (porto)?
I carry
I am carrying
I do carry

43. singular plural 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
36. Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense: porto, video, duco, capio, audio
singular plural
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
(see next 5 slides for conjugations)

44. porto I carry 1st Conjugation
porto portamus
portas portatis
portat portant

45. video I see 2nd Conjugation
video videmus
vides videtis
videt vident

46. duco I lead 3rd Conjugation
duco ducimus
ducis ducitis
ducit ducunt

47. capio I take 3rd io Conjugation
capio capimus
capis capitis
capit capiunt

48. audio I hear 4th Conjugation
audio audimus
audis auditis
audit audiunt

49. sum, esse, fui - possum, posse, potui - volo, velle, volui -
37. Give the principal parts of the irregular verbs: sum, possum, volo, eo, and fero.
sum, esse, fui -
possum, posse, potui -
volo, velle, volui -
eo, ire, ii(ivi), itum
fero, ferre, tuli, latum

50. See the following 5 slides
38. Conjugate the irregular verbs in the present tense sum possum volo eo fero
See the following 5 slides

51. sum I am
sum sumus
es estis
est sunt

52. possum I am able
possum possumus
potes potestis
potest possunt

53. volo volumus vis vultis vult volunt
volo I wish
volo volumus
vis vultis
vult volunt

54. eo I go
eo imus
is itis
it eunt

55. fero ferimus fers fertis fert ferunt
fero I bear, bring
fero ferimus
fers fertis
fert ferunt

56. 39. How do you recognize the imperfect tense?
“ba”
just before the ending
(=present stem + “ba” + personal endings)

57. 40. How do you translate the imperfect tense (portabam)?
I was carrying
I used to carry
I kept on carrying

58. 41. Give examples of imperfect tense verbs.
ambulabam – I was walking
portabamus – we were carrying
videbat - he was seeing
ducebant – they were leading
capiebas – you ware taking
audiebatis – you all were hearing

59. 42. Conjugate sum in the imperfect tense.
eram - I was eramus - we were
eras - you were eratis - y’all were
erat - he was erant - they were

60. 43. How do you recognize the perfect tense?
perfect stem
any one of the perfect endings

61. 44. Write the perfect personal endings.
i -I imus - we
isti -you istis-y’all
it-he,she,it ērunt -they

62. 45. How do you translate the perfect tense (portavi)?
I carried
I have carried
I did carry

63. 46. Give the perfect tense forms of several regular and irregular verbs. Use the third person singular.
porto --- portavit
video ---vidit
duco --- duxit
capio ---cepit
audio --- audivit
sum --- fuit
possum --- potuit
volo --- voluit
eo --- iit (ivit)
fero --- tulit

64. 47. Define: Active Voice – subject does the action of the verb Passive voice – subject receives the action of the verb

65. 48. Give the Passive Personal Endings. -r. -mur. -ris -mini
48. Give the Passive Personal Endings. -r -mur -ris mini -tur ntur Which tenses use these endings? Present, Imperfect, Future only

66. 49. What is the major difference between active and passive Latin verb forms in the present, imperfect, and future tenses?
*The use of either the active personal endings or the passive personal endings makes these verbs either active or passive.
*There are a few stem vowel changes, such as in the Future tense of 1st and 2nd conjugations,
2nd person singular:
Vocaberis, moneberis

67. 50. Conjugate porto in the present passive (indicative) tense.
portor portamur
portaris portamini
portatur portantur

68. 51. Conjugate porto in the imperfect passive (indicative) tense.
portabar portabamur
portabaris portabamini
portabatur portabantur

69. 52. Conjugate porto in the future passive (indicative) tense.
portabor portabimur
portaberis portabimini
portabitur portabuntur

70. Perfect Passive Participle + a form of sum:
53. How is the passive voice formed in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses?
Perfect Passive Participle + a form of sum:
Perfect Tense
= PPP + sum in the present tense
Pluperfect Tense
= PPP + sum in the imperfect tense
Future Perfect Tense
= PPP + sum in the future tense

71. 54. Conjugate porto in the Perfect Passive (indicative), with English
portatus sum portati sumus
I have been carried we have been carried
portatus es portati estis
you have been carried you all have been carried
portatus est portati sunt
he has been carried they have been carried

72. portatus eram portati eramus portatus eras portati eratis
55. Conjugate porto in the Pluperfect Passive (Indicative ) with English
portatus eram portati eramus
I had been carried we had been carried
portatus eras portati eratis
you had been carried you all had been carried
portatus erat portati erant
he had been carried they had been carried

73. portatus ero portati erimus portatus eris portati eritis
56. Conjugate porto in the Future Perfect Passive (Indicative) with English.
portatus ero portati erimus
I shall have been carried we shall have been carried
portatus eris portati eritis
you will have been carried ya’ll will have been carried
portatus erit portati erunt
he will have been carried they will have been carried

74. 57. What are deponent verbs? Give some examples and translations.
Deponent verbs are passive in form, but active in meaning.
A deponent verb can be recognized in the vocabulary by its –or ending in the 1st principal part.

75. It is a verbal that is translated using “to” plus the verb meaning
58. What is an infinitive?
It is a verbal that is translated using
“to” plus the verb meaning

76. *As a verb, it has tense & voice; it may take an object, and it may be
59. What is a participle?
*A participle is an adjective made from a verb, retaining attributes of both.
*As a verb, it has tense & voice; it may take an object, and it may be
modified by adverbs.
*As an adjective, it has gender, number and case, even degree, and it modifies a noun or substantive.

77. portantem – accusative, as with other cases carrying, while carrying
60. How do you recognize the Present Active Participle? What are the possible translations?
Present stem of the verb with “-ns” or “-nt” + 3rd declension endings
portans – nominative
portantem – accusative, as with other cases
carrying, while carrying

78. 61. Decline the present active participle of the verb porto.
(neuter)
portans portantes (portantia)
portantis portantium
portanti portantibus
portantem portantes (portantia)
portante portantibus

79. portatus – having been carried
62. How do you recognize the Perfect Passive Participle? How do you translate it?
The perfect passive participle is the 4th principal part of a verb. There are no special signals for this one. 1st & 2nd declension endings are used.
(Deponent verbs do not have a perfect passive participle – they have a perfect Active participle, which is their third and last principal part.)
portatus – having been carried

80. portaturus – about to carry
63. How do you recognize the Future Active Participle? How do you translate it?
The future active participle is the perfect passive participle “stretched”: participial stem + “=ur” plus 1st and 2nd declension endings.
portaturus – about to carry

81. Portandus – to be carried It is also called the gerundive.
64. How do you recognize the Future Passive Participle? How do you translate it? By what other name is it called?
The future passive participle has the present stem of the verb plus “-nd” and 1st and 2nd declension endings.
Portandus – to be carried
It is also called the gerundive.
By what other name is it called?

82. The gerundive is the future passive participle.
65. What is the Gerundive?
The gerundive is the future passive participle.

83. It denotes necessity or obligation
66. What is the Passive Periphrastic? Give an example and translate it. Include the Dative of Agent.
Passive periphrastic is the gerundive (future passive participle) + a form of sum.
It denotes necessity or obligation
portandum est – It has to be carried
Dative of Agent – who does the action
mihi portandum est – It has to be carried by me.
(I have to carry it.)

84. 67. What is the ablative absolute? Give examples and translations.
An ablative absolute is a Latin phrase that is loosely connected to its sentence, giving “background” information. It may be set off by commas, and does not modify any other word in the sentence. The two primary words of the construction are in the ablative case.
Noun and participle:
arcu dedicato, with the arch having been dedicated
Two nouns:
Cogidubno rege, with Cogidubnus the king
Noun and adjective:
populi irati, with the people angry

85. Present infinitive with final “-e” changed to ‘=i”
68. How is the Present Passive Infinitive formed? Give an example from each conjugation.
Present infinitive with final “-e” changed to ‘=i”
portare (to carry) becomes portari (to be carried)
For third conjugation, the “=ere” is changed to “-i”
mittere ( to send) becomes mitti (to be sent)
See following slide for examples in each conjugation

86. 68. Examples in each conjugation
1st conjugation – portare becomes portari
2nd conjugation – videre becomes videri
3rd conjugation – ducere becomes duci
3rd io conjugation – capere becomes capi
4th conjugation – audire becomes audiri

87. 69. Notice the subjunctive verb forms.
Present portet ** videat, ducat, audiat
Imperfect portaret
(present infinitive +endings)
Pluperfect portavisset
(perfect stem + isse + endings)
Future Perfect portaverit **
** not covered before stage 35 in the Cambridge series

88. See next slide for examples
Look over the subjunctive clauses: Purpose Result Indirect Question Indirect Command Cum Circumstantial
See next slide for examples

89. 70. Subjunctive Clauses
Purpose amici ad urbem ambulant ut spectaculum viderent.
Salvius Memorem misit qui regem interficeret.
Result tam peritus erat tibicen ut omnes eum laudarent.
Indirect Question Romani nesciebant quot hostes manerent.
Indirect Command
senex deam Sulem oravit ut morbum sanaret.
Cum Circumstantial (cum meaning “when”)
fur, cum amuletum e fonte extraxisset, attonitus erat.

90. 71. What is a preposition?
A preposition indicates the relative position between its object and another noun in the sentence.

91. 72. What two cases do the Latin prepositions govern?
accusative
ablative

92. ad - toward trans - across post - behind ante - in front of
73. List several prepositions and give their meanings and the case each governs.
+ the Accusative:
ad - toward
trans - across
post - behind
ante - in front of

93. List the Accusative Constructions and give an example of each.
Duration of time:
tres horas ambulaverunt.
Place to which:
domum redierunt.

94. ab - away from e,ex - out of cum - with + the Ablative:
75. List several prepositions and give their meanings and the case each governs.
+ the Ablative:
ab - away from
e,ex - out of
cum - with

95. 76. List the Ablative Constructions and give an example of each.
Means (What is used to carry out the action of the verb.)
Salvius pugione vulneratus est.
Manner (How the action of the verb was carried out.)
Cephalus venenum magnā cum curā paravit.
Accompaniment (Who was with whom.)
Cogidubnus cum Salvio dicebat.
Time (When something happened)
Quintus in Londinio quarto die pervenit.
Agent (Who carried out the action of a passive verb.)
cena a Grumione cocta est.

96. in -in into sub - under up under
77. Distinguish between in + the ablative case and in + the accusative case
+ the Ablative & Accusative:
at rest motion
in -in into
sub - under up under

97. 78. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person
78. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person. Give the English meaning of each Latin word.
see next slides

98. nom. ego - I nos - we acc. me - me nos - us
79. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person. Give the English meaning of each Latin word.
singular plural
nom. ego - I nos - we
gen. mei - of me nostrum, nostri - of us
dat. mihi - to/for me nobis - to/for us
acc. me - me nos - us
abl. me - by/with me nobis - by/with us

99. 80. the personal pronoun in 2ndperson..
singular plural
nom. tu - you vos - you
gen. tui - of you vestrum, vestri - of you
dat. tibi - to/for you vobis - to/for you
acc. te - you vos - you
abl. te - by/with you vobis - by/with you

100. 81. 3rd person personal pronoun
singular
is ea id
eius eius eius
ei ei ei
eum eam id
eo ea eo

101. 81. 3rd person personal pronoun
plural
ei eae ea
eorum earum eorum
eis eis eis
eos eas ea
eis eis eis

102. 82. Decline hic, and give the English
hic haec hoc hi hae haec
huius huius huius horum harum horum
huic huic huic his his his
hunc hanc hoc hos has haec
hoc hāc hoc his his his
This

103. 83. Decline ille, and give the English
ille illa illud illi illae illa
illius illius illius illorum illarum illorum
illi illi illi illis illis illis
illum illam illud illos illas illa
illo illā illo illis illis illis
That

104. 84. Know the “indeclinables”: -que, et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne, num, nonne…etc
-que - and
et - and
sed- but
tamen - nevertheless
autem – however

105. 84. Know the “indeclinables”: -que, et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne, num, nonne…etc
igitur – therefore
postquam - afterwards, after
-ne =a ?-mark
num - expects a “no” answer
nonne - expects a “yes” answer

106. quis - who quot - how many quid - what cui - to whom
85. Know the “?-words”. quis, quid, ubi, quo, unde, quando, quot, cui, quocum, cur, etc...
quis - who quot - how many
quid - what cui - to whom
ubi - where, when cur - why
quo - to where quando - when
unde- from where
quocum - with whom

107. 86. Be able to recognize and translate the vocative case noun.
Marcus: Marce
filius: fili
Caecilius: Caecili
meus: mi

108. 87. Be able to recognize and translate the imperative mood verb.
voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum
voca! call!
vocate! you all call!

109. (87. Negative Commands) nolo in the imperative mood + infinitive of the action = do not wish (to___ ) Singular: noli dicere Plural: nolite dicere

110. 88. Remember the special forms: placet + dative case placetne tibi
88. Remember the special forms: placet + dative case placetne tibi? - que pueri puellaeque

111. 89. Please gather up your old vocabulary pages and worksheet pages
89. Please gather up your old vocabulary pages and worksheet pages. Study the meanings of the Latin words and the English words derived from them.

112. Make a list of the characters you have met since stages 28 through 34 and write few notes about each.

113. 91. Look over the culture information in the worksheet packets.

114. 92. Study the culture topics: Archeological and Literary Evidence Inscriptions Origins of Rome Roman Forum Masada Roman Engineering City of Rome Roman Society Roman Beliefs Roman Entertainment Freedmen and Freedwomen

115. 93. Practice translating the stories in stage 34
93. Practice translating the stories in stage 34. You will have to translate on the final exam.

116. Fortunam bonam habeas! ---Magistra