1. 3 People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. – 259 B.C.
QUIT 3
CHAPTER
People and Ideas
on the Move, 3500 B.C. – 259 B.C.
Chapter Overview
Time Line
SECTION 1
Indo-European Migrations
MAP
SECTION 2
Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism
SECTION 3
Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries
SECTION 4
The Origins of Judaism
GRAPH
Visual Summary

2. 3 People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. – 259 B.C.
HOME 3
CHAPTER
People and Ideas
on the Move, 3500 B.C. – 259 B.C.
Chapter Overview
Migrations and trade networks carry new ideas, languages, and cultures throughout the Mediterranean and as far east as South Asia. Three major world religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism, emerge during this period.

3. 3 People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. – 259 B.C. HOME Time Line
CHAPTER
People and Ideas
on the Move, 3500 B.C. – 259 B.C.
Time Line
1100 B.C. Phoenicians begin to dominate Mediterranean trade.
2000 B.C. Hittites migrate to Anatolia.
3500 B.C.
259 B.C.
1500 B.C. Aryans invade India.
814 B.C. Carthage founded as a Phoenician trade center.

4. Indo-European Migrations Key Idea 1
HOME 1
Indo-European
Migrations
Key Idea
Migrations of Indo-Europeans into parts of Europe and South Asia introduce new ideas and languages and result in a blend of new and old cultures.
Overview
Assessment

5. Indo-European Migrations Overview 1 • Indo-Europeans • steppes
HOME 1
Indo-European
Migrations
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Indo-Europeans
• steppes
• migration
• Hittites
• Anatolia
• Aryans
• Vedas
• Brahmin
• caste
• Mahabharata
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Indo-European peoples migrated into Europe, India, and Southwest Asia and interacted with peoples living there.
Half the people living today speak languages that stem from the original Indo-European languages.
Assessment

6. Indo-European Migrations 1 1
HOME 1
Indo-European
Migrations
Section 1
Assessment
1. List the names of some modern languages that stem from Indo-European roots.
Indo-European
French
Spanish
English
Greek
Swedish
Hindi
Russian
Persian
continued . . .

7. Indo-European Migrations 1 1
HOME 1
Indo-European
Migrations
Section 1
Assessment
2. What important contributions did the Aryan invaders make to the culture and way of life in India? THINK ABOUT
• roles in society
• religion
• literature
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Roles in society: Aryan caste system ruled India for over 3,000 years.
• Religion: Aryan deities of the Vedas entered the Hindu religion.
• Literature: The Vedas, Upanishads, and Mahabharata are great literary works with Aryan subjects or themes.
continued . . .

8. Indo-European Migrations 1 1
HOME 1
Indo-European
Migrations
Section 1
Assessment
3. For what environmental reasons might the Indo-Europeans have migrated? THINK ABOUT
• weather
• occupational needs
• health
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Weather: Grazing lands may have dried up.
• Occupational needs: Their population may have grown too large to feed.
• Health: They may have been escaping from diseases or invaders.
End of Section 1

9. Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism Key Idea 2
HOME 2
Roots of Hinduism
and Buddhism
MAP
Key Idea
Hinduism has no one founder but promotes a unified world view and a rigid caste system. Buddhism’s founder, Siddhartha Gautama, preaches the way of moderation and rejects the Aryan caste system.
Overview
Assessment

10. Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism Overview 2 • reincarnation • karma
HOME 2
Roots of Hinduism
and Buddhism
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• reincarnation
• karma
• Jainism
• Siddhartha Gautama
• enlightenment
• nirvana
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The religious beliefs of the Vedic Age eventually developed into Hinduism and Buddhism.
Almost one-fifth of the world’s people today practice one of these two religions.
Assessment

11. Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism 2 2
HOME 2
Roots of Hinduism
and Buddhism
MAP
Section 2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare Hindu and Buddhist beliefs and practices.
Hinduism only
Buddhism only
Both
Reincarnation
Cyclical view of history
Belief in a state of enlightenment (Hindu moksha, Buddhist nirvana)
Caste system
Animal sacrifice
The Middle Way (Eightfold Path)
Four Noble Truths
continued . . .

12. Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism 2 2
HOME 2
Roots of Hinduism
and Buddhism
MAP
Section 2
Assessment
2. How might the belief in reincarnation provide a form of social control? THINK ABOUT
• karma
• the belief in the interrelatedness of all life
• caste
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Karma: Karma motivates people to obey society’s laws.
Belief in the interrelatedness of all life: People would be reluctant to harm any life form.
Caste: Those born into a lower caste might work hard to achieve a higher caste in their next life.
End of Section 2

13. Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries Key Idea 3
HOME 3
Seafaring Traders
Extend Boundaries
Key Idea
Ancient sea traders spread goods, culture, and innovative ideas in the Mediterranean and beyond. The Phoenicians are not only a great seafaring people but give the world the first written alphabet
Overview
Assessment

14. Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries Overview 3 • Minoans • Aegean Sea
HOME 3
Seafaring Traders
Extend Boundaries
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Minoans
• Aegean Sea
• Knossos
• King Minos
• Phoenicians
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Trading societies extended the development of civilizations beyond the Fertile Crescent region.
Traders spread knowledge of reading and writing, including an ancient form of the alphabet that we use today.
Assessment

15. Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries 3 3
HOME 3
Seafaring Traders
Extend Boundaries
Section 3
Assessment
1. Below is a list of accomplishments. Identify feats that were Minoan and those that were Phoenician.
dominated trade (2000–1400 B.C.)
set up numerous city-states
developed an alphabet
produced a famous purple dye
jumped over bulls for fun
produced fine painted pottery
Minoan
Phoenician
dominated trade (2000–1400 B.C.)
jumped over bulls for fun
produced fine painted pottery
set up numerous city-states
developed an alphabet
produced a famous purple dye
continued . . .

16. Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries 3 3
HOME 3
Seafaring Traders
Extend Boundaries
Section 3
Assessment
2. In Herodotus’s account of how the Phoenicians sailed around Africa, what words show Herodotus’s doubt? Why do you think he expresses doubts? THINK ABOUT
• the sources that reported the feat
• Herodotus as a historian
• the Phoenicians’ seafaring skills
• the fact that the trip was not repeated for 2000 years
ANSWER
“What some may believe, though I do not.”
Herodotus was a historian. He did not want to tarnish his reputation by reporting something unlikely. There was no evidence of a second trip, so Herodotus was rightly skeptical.
Possible Responses:
continued . . .

17. Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries 3 3
HOME 3
Seafaring Traders
Extend Boundaries
Section 3
Assessment
3.  The Phoenicians founded wealthy city-states around the Mediterranean. These city-states often competed with one another. Do you think it would have made more sense for the city-states to cooperate or did competition make them stronger? THINK ABOUT
• advantages of a unified country
• advantages of independence
• benefits of competition
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Cooperation: Had Phoenicians united, they could have pooled their resources and been an even stronger and more profitable trading power.
Competition: This keeps traders on their toes, so Phoenicians in all cities would have been better merchants.
End of Section 3

18. The Origins of Judaism Key Idea 4
HOME 4
The Origins of Judaism
GRAPH
Key Idea
The religion of the ancient Hebrews is the world’s first major monotheistic religion. The Hebrews establish covenants with God, who is over all people. Their ethical and moral systems, as set forth in the Torah and Ten Commandments, become a foundation for Christianity and Islam.
Overview
Assessment

19. The Origins of Judaism Overview 4 • Palestine • Canaan • Torah
HOME 4
The Origins of Judaism
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Palestine
• Canaan
• Torah
•Abraham
• monotheism
• covenant
• Moses
• Israel
• Judah
• tribute
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Hebrews maintained monotheistic religious beliefs that were unique in the ancient world.
From this tradition, Judaism, the religion of the Jews, evolved. Judaism is one of the world’s major religions.
Assessment

20. HOME 4
The Origins of Judaism
GRAPH
Section 4
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major Hebrew leaders discussed in this section. Then give one piece of information about each.
2000 B.C.
1300 B.C.
1200 B.C.
B.C.
Abraham: Father of Jewish people
Moses: Led Hebrews out of slavery
Deborah: A prominent judge
Saul, David, Solomon: Kings under whom Hebrews united
continued . . .

21. HOME 4
The Origins of Judaism
GRAPH
Section 4
Assessment
2. What were the main problems faced by the Hebrews between 2000 B.C. and 700 B.C.? THINK ABOUT
• the quest for a homeland
• other peoples hardships
• problems among Hebrews
ANSWER
constantly moving from place to place
being forced into slavery in Egypt
fighting with neighbors over land
worshiping other gods
performing forced labor
paying high taxes
dividing the Hebrew kingdom in two
Possible Responses:
End of Section 4