1. Creating Forces in Swimming Standard Grade Physical Education Factors Affecting Movement

2. Backstroke Front Crawl Butterfly Breaststroke Standard Grade Physical Education Factors Affecting Movement Here are the four swimming strokes.

3. Breaststroke Standard Grade Physical Education Factors Affecting Movement Lets look specifically at the Breast Stroke

4. Standard Grade Physical Education Factors Affecting Movement Forces are created by pulling and pushing the body through the water The legs create a pushing action: the soles of the feet against the ‘wall’ of the water The arms create a pulling action: the palms and fingers of the hands against the ‘wall’ of the water

5. Standard Grade Physical Education Factors Affecting Movement When the body is in its extended position, close to the surface, there is very little resistance on the body as it moves through the water Resistance causes ‘drag’ on the body and this slows it down This position is called being ‘streamlined’ and helps the body move easily through the water

6. Standard Grade Physical Education Factors Affecting Movement The arms begin to pull to the sides of the body Force is created here: the action The reaction is for the body to move forward ‘Action and reaction’

7. Standard Grade Physical Education Factors Affecting Movement The arms begin their recovery as the legs begin to draw in, in preparation for the push backwards If the legs are drawn in rapidly they will create a force. (The legs should move in slowly) Remember an action has a opposite and equal reaction

8. Standard Grade Physical Education Factors Affecting Movement The legs are now in a position to drive backwards with greater force The arms are now in an extended position in preparation for the glide The force created by the pushing action The reaction: drive the body forward

9. Standard Grade Physical Education Factors Affecting Movement The whole action of the breast stroke should be: Arm pull - Leg kick - Glide Notice how the legs move just after the arms have pulled the body forward and are beginning to recover The arms should be fully extending (straightening) as the legs start their kick to push the body forward. The legs drive back vigorously (with a lot of power), to move the body forward. The body glides in a streamlined position to reduce resistance (also known as drag) What you should now know No. 1

10. Standard Grade Physical Education Factors Affecting Movement What you should now know No. 2 If the legs are drawn in rapidly at the same time as the arms pull, then there would be simultaneous actions (actions happening at the same time). Force These actions, and therefore reactions, would be in opposite directions and therefore cancel each other out. REACTION The final result would be that the body will not move through the water because the two actions are fighting against each other.