1. ® Sponsored by Towards a Systems Model for Urban Planning: Moving SDI Towards Active Models of Reality 93rd OGC Technical Committee Tokyo, Japan John R. Herring 3 December 2014 Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

2. OGC ® Things to think about There are those who look at things the way they are, and ask why... I dream of things that never were, and ask why not? -- Robert Kennedy, 1968 The Marx Approach to Movie Making: 1.Write a stage play – perform it with live audiences, often 2.Each night fix what is wrong, enhance what it right 3.When it is as near perfect as it gets, make the movie (publish). Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

3. OGC ® Why choose Urban Planning as a focus? A group effort: looking for an application framework that unifies examples of the au courant wave of applications, of study and of hype in geographic information – a place to develop a “theory of everything,” a “final, ultimate, or master theoretical” framework for GI applications. –Smart Cites, Grids, Roads, …; Mobile Web Services; Augmented Reality; Internet of Things, CityGML, Indoor/Outdoor Location-Based Services, Crowd Sourcing, Big Data All deal with where people live, and represent “big” things. Best fit from the current GI application areas: Urban Planning Only the impossible is worth doing. — Akong Rinpoche, Tibetan Buddhist, a founder of the Samye Ling Monastery in Scotland The difficult we do right away, the impossible takes a little longer. — Seabees (US Navy Construction Battalions (CB's), WWII)

4. OGC ® A few ideas to explain the title Systems Model – “system of systems;” the environment as a collection of interoperable but independent systems (Web) Urban Planning – planning, building, maintaining, running and using systems to support a designed (built?) environment, both physical reality and virtual models running in parallel Active Models of Reality – software systems that support the designed environment (everywhere people live) that change models as quickly as the environment changes, e.g. tracking transport, monitoring traffic, adjusting schedules, providing seamless, location-based services, etc. 'When I use a word,' Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, 'it means just what I choose it to mean – neither more nor less.‘ ― Lewis Carroll in "Through the Looking Glass"

5. OGC ® Objects in a looking glass are bigger than they appear The Blind Men and the Elephant John Godfrey Saxe (1816-1887) It was six men of Indostan To learning much inclined, Who went to see the Elephant (Though all of them were blind), That each by observation Might satisfy his mind. The First approached the Elephant, And happening to fall Against his broad and sturdy side, At once began to bawl: "God bless me! but the Elephant Is very like a WALL!“ The Second, feeling of the tusk, Cried, "Ho, what have we here, So very round and smooth and sharp? To me 'tis mighty clear This wonder of an Elephant Is very like a SPEAR!" The Third approached the animal, And happening to take The squirming trunk within his hands, Thus boldly up and spake: "I see," quoth he, "the Elephant Is very like a SNAKE!" The Fourth reached out an eager hand, And felt about the knee "What most this wondrous beast is like Is mighty plain," quoth he: "'Tis clear enough the Elephant Is very like a TREE!" The Fifth, who chanced to touch the ear, Said: "E'en the blindest man Can tell what this resembles most; Deny the fact who can, This marvel of an Elephant Is very like a FAN!" The Sixth no sooner had begun About the beast to grope, Than seizing on the swinging tail That fell within his scope, "I see," quoth he, "the Elephant Is very like a ROPE!" And so these men of Indostan Disputed loud and long, Each in his own opinion Exceeding stiff and strong, Though each was partly in the right, And all were in the wrong! We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself, but nature exposed to our method of questioning. - Werner Heisenberg

6. OGC ® Some components “Facilities Management” planning/design of infrastructures, road maintenance, limited public access Cadastre, Zoning, Permitting, E-government, E-commerce, Security, Privacy Public Safety, Public Utilities – power, communication “Smart City” communication infrastructure, “Smart Grid” self-repairing energy infrastructure Internet of Things / Sensor Web Augmented Reality – “visual” identification of location Traffic – Intelligent Transportation Systems; “Smart Roads”?

7. OGC ® Some components (continued) Crowd-Sourced Data – of all types –What can and what cannot be crowd sourced? “Indoor/Outdoor” Location Based Services –Seamless indoor-outdoor (multimodal) navigation, etc. –Spatial Web Services, Big Data Analytics, et cetera Roaming capabilities (as a service for services — moving processes instead of data) –localized data + moving client → roaming Common Client For User Interface (browser?) Net Neutrality and Net Equity, more capacity

8. OGC ® How Do We Help to Build a neoUP system Such a System of Systems cannot be designed and built as a unit. It is complex. And, to some extent, unpredictable and changeable. It must evolve (grow) subsystem by subsystem. It must scale from Podunk, Massachusetts, to Tokyo, Japan (38 million), New York Metro (8,683 km 2 ), and Lagos, Nigeria (18,150 persons/km 2 ) Each subsystem must be built separately and designed to interoperate and to be replaced with minimal “readjustment.” It must be “hot swappable” no shutdown needed.

9. OGC ® Potential Principles of a neoUP system Data is a public resource Self-organization as a growth principle –Lack of top-down control, when no overriding issue prevents it, allows exponential growth –More functionality → More people → More participation → More contribution → More functionality It is not data sets, it is data (federated seamless). –Data is a seamless whole from the view of the applications –The may be some spatial-based Digital Rights Control ISO 19149:2011: Rights expression language for geographic information – GeoREL ISO 19153:2014: Geospatial Digital Rights Management Reference Model (GeoDRM RM)

10. OGC ® Balances Government vs. Public Communitarian (common good) vs. Personal Rights Distribution Of Data vs. Applications Data Use vs. Data “Ownership” Crowd Sourcing vs. Central Control Moving Data vs. Moving applications Service vs. On-board Applications

11. OGC ® COMMENTS - QUESTIONS