1. The Reformation continues
Chapter 17
Section 4

2. Key Terms Predestination Calvinism Theocracy Presbyterian Anabaptists
Catholic Reformation
Jesuits
Council of Trent

3. Calvin Continues The Reformation
Luther stood against the Catholic Church
Opened the door to other religions
Lutheranism arose in Germany
Religious movements began in Switzerland. and Europe

4. Ulrich Zwingli 22 year old priest
Established a church in Switzerland based on theocracy
Theocracy-government in which church and state are joined
Martin Luther opposed this

5. John Calvin Next most important Protestant reformer
1509 born in France
Supported Luther’s reforms
Predestination-God knows who will be saved even before they are born

6. John Calvin God guides their lives
Nothing they can do good or bad to change that
Calvinism took root in Switzerland
Viewed people as sinful by nature

7. John Calvin Strict laws put in place to regulate behavior
Geneva- church attendance was mandatory
Number and courses of meals
Color of clothing
Feasting, dancing, singing , wearing jewelry were forbidden

8. John Calvin Strictness- heart of Calvinists appeal
Sense of mission and discipline
Making world fit for the elect
Elect were the chosen ones

9. Other Reformers John Knox-spokesman for reformation in Scotland
Replaced the Roman Catholic Church
Presbyterian denomination

10. Reforming the Catholic Church
Protestants not the only ones dissatisfied
Catholics also upset
Catholic Reformation- series of reform in the Catholic Church

11. Jesuits
Jesuits- society of Jesus, religious order to reform the church
Ignatius of Loyola founded Jesuits in 1534
Nobleman, soldier
While recovering from an injury read books on saints
Became a soldier of God

12. Jesuits Father general- ran it like a military institution
Emphasized obedience to the church
Concentrated on education to combat the Protestants
Established missions, school, and universities
Effective organization, gained ground on Protestants

13. Council of Trent Paul Pope III in 1545 called the council
Need to redefine the doctrines of the church
Examined criticisms by the Protestants and Catholics
Clarified Catholic teachings on certain points

14. Council of Trent Reforms addressed the corruption of the clergy
Training of priests
Financial abuses
Indulgences were abolished
Rejected Protestant’s emphasis on self-discipline and individual faith

15. Council of Trent Church could help believers achieve salvation
Using mystery and magnificent ceremonies to inspire faith
Consistent with the belief of millions
Majority of Europeans remain Catholic

16. Council of Trent No compromise between Catholics and Protestants
Bold action boost to Catholicism in Poland
Other parts of Europe return to the Church
Catholics felt renewed energy

17. Council of Trent
By 1700 Jesuits operated 699 colleges in Italy, Germany, and other places
Future leaders educated in Jesuit schools
Order had an influence over public affairs
Worked in India, China, and Japan

18. Reforming Catholics Charles Borromeo Archbishop of Milan
Decisive steps to implement reform
Build new schools to educate priests
Francis of Sales
Founded a religious order for women
Returned Calvinists to the church through missionary work

19. Women and the Church Women took on more roles
Before Renaissance they lived in secluded convents
1543-Italian nun Angela Merici began Saint Ursula Company for teaching girls

20. Women and the Church
Jane of Chantal formed an order to teach girls to become teachers
Schools throughout Europe
Work denounced by anti-Jesuits and the church as dangerous

21. Reforming Popes Used it to convert Jews, Muslims and later Protestants
Index of Forbidden Books- to stamp put rebellion
People not to read books on the list
Lose their souls
Torture and execution damaged the Church’s image

22. Persecution and Hysteria
Luther and Catholics viewed Jews as heretics
Spain forced conversion or they had to leave
Jews resettled in eastern and southern Europe
Some areas they were forced to live in certain areas
Called a ghetto

23. Changes in Religion
Renewed zeal spread Catholic faith to other continents
North America- and elsewhere softened the harsh colonial rule
Protestants broke away from the Catholic church and formed many factions

24. Political Effects Rising sense of nationalism
Protestant Reformation encouraged formation of independent states and nations
Rulers and merchants wanted less church involvement
Political power separated from churches

25. Italian Wars Italy bounced between two powers
Sack of Rome by Spaniards and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1527
Italian wars ended in 1559
Expanded the Italian Renaissance

26. Italian Wars Artist from Italy fled north bringing new techniques
Troops returned carrying new ideas