1. Interconnected Competitive Futures
EDUCATION
INTELLIGENCE
Interconnected Competitive Futures
Janet Ilieva, PhD 1

2. Internationalisation of Higher Education
Internationalisation of students
Internationalisation of teaching and research
Internationalisation of education policies

4. However – there was no growth in the proportion of the internationally mobile students
World HE enrolments
Internationally mobile students
2000
97,205,098
1.8%
2001
104,103,583
2002
113,669,904
1.9%
2003
122,085,254
2.0%
2004
129,690,294
2005
135,925,247
2006
143,133,002
2007
151,253,144
Source: British Council Analysis and UIS data

5. Changing Patterns of Mobility
However, the outbound mobility would vary from country to country
While the world average is 1.8%, this ratio for Sub-Saharan Africa is 5.9%
Trend data also show increased regional mobility:
In Latin America and the Caribbean, for instance, the percentage of mobile students remaining within the region has risen from 11% in 1999 to 23% in 2007
In East Asia and the Pacific, two out of every five mobile students (42%) remained within the region in 2007 compared to 36% in Western Europe (77%) and North America (39%) showed little change in comparison to 1999

8. Small countries big role
However countries with more prominent role (UIS) are:
Liechtenstein 86%
Macao (China) 50%
Qatar 28%
Cyprus 25%
Local national sources suggest emerging new players in the international student place

9. Changing ratios in the outward/inward mobility – new players

10. Logarithmic scale – who is where

11. Observations
Traditional sending countries - China, India, Korea, Malaysia and others - are increasingly hosting international students. The rate at which this is happening is greater than the world average growth rate
Traditional host countries (UK, US, Australia) remain mostly static. There are expectations for greater outward mobility in the future which would contribute to more balanced student flows
The countries in the middle – mainly in Europe – show a more balanced approach in their inward and outward student flows. These are also countries heavily engaged in Erasmus mobility, hence greater exposure to study abroad
There is an increased mobility towards Japan, however, outward mobility is set to decline in absolute numbers related to the country demographics. In addition, Japan appears to be the only country where international students pay lower fee (i.e. no fee) than local students.

12. Move from reactive to proactive internationalisation
Shift from aid to trade (Hans de Wit)
Increased TNE and reaching out to the students
Widening the access to tertiary education overseas in emerging markets
In mature markets:
Quality assurance frameworks
Increased relevance to the market through providing niche subjects
Internationalisation at home through:
Internationalisation of the curriculum
Internationalisation of research

13. Education and Academic Collaboration (continued)
Significant increase in cross-border collaboration, however, consistent and comparable data are difficult to source
The International Association of Universities’ (IAU) 3rd Annual Survey covering 745 Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) found the following:
87% of HEIs surveyed stated that internationalisation features in their institutional mission and/or overall strategy plan
78% stated that internationalisation had increased in importance over the past 3 years
However, the priority remains on inward and outward student mobility and student exchanges
Overall, countries are much better at assessing education activities taking place at home, rather than those overseas

14. Branch campuses of domestic institutions abroad and overseas institutions at home (% of total)

15. Research collaboration
On average one third of the global research publications is now co-authored with international researchers
Germany records the highest level of collaboration in publications at 50%; followed by Australia (42.3%) and UK and Malaysia holding a joint 3rd place at (42%)
The US has the highest number of joint patent applications at 168,605 in 2007, closely followed by Japan’s 167,772
India has the highest proportion of joint patent applications relative to total patent applications at 83%, closely followed by Australia at 75% and Malaysia at 72%
OECD (2011) suggest a decline in the quality of patents produced in the US, UK and Japan and increase in those produced in China and India
Russia at 4% has the lowest proportion of joint patent applications

16. Internationalisation of national policies
National Policy Index
create an index that captures the appeal of national education systems to engage internationally and the degree of international education activities and collaborations
capture the implications of these policies on student recruitment and international research output
identify countries with best prospects for engagement in trans-national education
track changes over time

17. Countries covered East Asia: Hong Kong Japan Indonesia Malaysia
South Korea
Thailand
Vietnam
The original study covered:
Australia
Brazil
China
Germany
India
Japan
Malaysia
Nigeria
Russia UK
USA
The study was later expanded to include:
France
The Netherlands
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
UAE

18. Structure of the International Education index
Openness
Strategy
Visa & immigration
Environment for institutions
Quality assurance and degree recognition
Cross-border quality assurance and accreditation
Recognition of overseas qualifications
Entry standards and quality of provision
Access and Equity
Promotion of outbound mobility
Promotion of inbound mobility
Sustainable development policies

19. OVERALL
Score/10 1
Germany
8.4 2
France
8.2 3
Australia
8.0 4
Netherlands
7.5 5 UK
7.2 6
China
6.4 7
Hong Kong
6.3 8
South Korea
6.2 9
Malaysia
6.0 10 US
5.7
=11
Indonesia
5.5
Thailand 13
Japan
4.7 14
Russia
4.5 15
Singapore
4.4 16
Nigeria
3.8
=17
Brazil
3.5
India
Vietnam 20
UAE
3.4 21
Saudi Arabia
2.8 22
Qatar
2.2

20. Government Policies and Student Mobility
Impact of the Internationalisation Strategy section of the International Education Index on inward student mobility

21. Impact of National Policies on Academic Collaboration
Strong positive relationship between “internationalisation strategy” policy score and proportion of peer-reviewed academic articles written with overseas co-authors
Correlation coefficient = 0.74
There is a strong positive relationship between “quality assurance and recognition” policy score and proportion of peer-reviewed academic articles written with overseas co-authors
Correlation coefficient = 0.67

22. New study – education opportunities index
Education opportunities index – new study identifying opportunities for:
International student recruitment, based on countries’ socio- demographic outlook and economic growth prospects
Drawing recruitment scenarios based on countries’ trade patterns
Opportunities for international collaboration in teaching and research based on countries’ expanding tertiary education capacity

23. About Education Intelligence
The British Council promotes UK education and culture in the areas of Arts, English, Education
and Society in over a hundred countries worldwide. With exploding global interest in education,
the British Council’s Education Intelligence team provides cutting-edge research, data and
analysis in the field of higher education.
Our market intelligence service supports clients in forming individual international strategies by
offering information on student mobility flows, student decision-making and current national
policies regarding higher education. Our network of resources allows us to produce robust and
cutting-edge trends analysis that can help shape the global debate in the education sector.
Education Intelligence research reports:
Student Insight: why students decide to study overseas
Students in Motion: where students go globally to study
Country Briefs: concise country profiles
Global Gauge: a comparison of international education activity
Partnership Access: where to locate fruitful collaborations
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