1. 1 IS:01UDM -2 CONCEPTS IN HAZARDS TALK 1 NATURAL PHENOMENA OF LAND, SEA AND ATMOSPHERE. n HAZARD DUE TO RELEASE OF STRESS n TRIGGER EVENTS: NATURAL i.e, earthquake AMPLIFICATION due to human action i.e, dam construction forest clear- cutting urban development

2. 2 IS:01UDM -2 CONCEPTS IN HAZARDS TALK 2 nFREQUENCY AND SEVERITY OF EVENTS i.e in particular locations n DEGREE OF EXPOSURE: i.e, poor ground conditions coastal locations n CASCADES OF EVENTS: i.e, earthquake/gas supply breaks/fire high winds/cooking stoves/fire

3. 3 IS:01UDM -2 THE DISASTER EQUATION HAZARD RISK + EXPOSURE + VULNERABILITY =

4. 4 MODULE 1 HAZARD AND VULNERABLILITY RECOGNISE THE EXPOSURE WHICH COULD LEAD TO DANGER AND LOSS. DEVELOP AND UNDERSTANDING OF DISASTERS (NATURE, CAUSES AND EFFECTS) AND THE SPECIFIC VULNERABILITIES. ESTABLISH A GROUNDING IN HAZARD INENTIFICATION AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT.

5. 5 MODULE 2 THE MULTI-HAZARD SITUATION APPLY THE TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF ANALYSIS OF RISKS TO LOCATIONS. IDENTIFY SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZARD IMPACT I.E. DAMAGE, DISRUPTION AND LIFE LOSS BY LOCATION, FACILITY TYPE, AND POPULATION PROFILE.

6. 6 MODULE 3 MITIGATION PRACTICE IDENTIFY TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE THE RISK AND MINIMISE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION. IDENTIFY APPROPRIATE COUNTER MEASURES. IDENTIFY MITIGATION MEASURES AT VARIOUS SCALES OF SPECIFICITY: REGIONAL CITY NEIGHBOURHOOD VILLAGE PROJECT

7. 7 MODULE 4 INSTITUTIONALISATION REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICES, STRATEGIES AND PRIORITY - SETTING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MITIGATION PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS.

8. 8 IS-01 UDM-2 SOME COMMON THEMES Disaster Management and Urban Form and Structure Disaster Mitigation and Urban Governance Disaster Mitigation and Environmental Protection Disasters and Asset Management: Physical, Economic, Commercial Disaster and Patterns of Development Disaster and Global Climate Change

9. 9 COMMON THEMES AND THE THREE-FOLD STUDY : an example Disaster and Development - the impact of disasters upon development - the impact of development upon disasters - changes in development strategies and - so the need to re-review the impacts.