1. The Beginning of the End The Last Days of the Civil War

2. The Battle of Gettysburg

3. Gettysburg Why were the Confederates in PA? Why was the high ground so important? How did the results of the battle influence each army?

4. Results of the Battle Casualties North: 23,000 of 85,000 South: 28,000 of 75,000 Lee flees back to VA No one to fill the losses

5. Vicksburg

6. Importance of 1863 Union Victories Gettysburg Weakened Lee Vicksburg Control of the Mississippi River

7. The Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 Lincoln’s speech dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg “I wish I could flatter myself that I had come as near to the central idea of the occasion in two hours as you did in two minutes” ~Edward Everett

8. Struggles of 1864 The Confederate Strategy: HOLD ON! Lincoln is almost gone! Lincoln’s Problem: Re-election Depended on success: Grant and Sherman

9. Battle of the Wilderness May 1864: Grant moves out Headed toward Richmond May 5 th : The Battle of the Wilderness Bullets and Blazes Grant was badly beaten, but... He did not return to Washington, he kept going

10. Grant: “The Butcher” Grant continued to lose large numbers of men He could always replace his men Siege of Petersburg Cut off Richmond’s food supply. Waited for surrender and the Presidential elections

11. Gen. Sherman’s March Grant sent Gen. Sherman down to threaten Atlanta Use the tactic of Total War Sherman laid siege on the city

12. March to the sea Sherman vowed “to make Georgia howl” Cut a 300 mile path of destruction across the state Dec. 21: took the city of Savannah He gave it to Pres. Lincoln for Christmas “War is Cruelty,” ~W.T. Sherman, “There is no use trying to reform it. The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over”

13. The Election of 1864 Lincoln thought he would be beaten New Running Mate, Andrew Johnson Democrats nominated Gen. George McClellan Capture of Atlanta swayed the vote Lincoln’s way Lincoln won 212 of the 233 electoral votes 3 months later, Congress was able to pass the 13 th amendment

14. The 13 th Amendment “Neither Slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”

15. Lincoln’s 2 nd Inauguration “Both [North and South] read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare ask a just God’s assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men’s faces; but let us judge not that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered. That of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has His own purposes.”

16. Sherman Moves North February, 1865: Sherman moves north to SC The first state to secede, regarded as the heart of the rebellion Sherman’s two goals: 1. Destroy the South’s remaining resources 2. Crush the remaining will to fight “Here is where the treason began and, by God, here is where it shall end!” ~Union Soldier

17. SC was treated even more harshly than GA Few Houses were spared Half the city of Columbia was burned to the ground

18. Surrender at Appomattox April 1865: Lee’s troops had shrunk to fewer than 35,000 Lee tried to slip around Grant and push him away from Richmond Discovered by Union Lee rejects guerilla tactics April 9, 1865: Lee met with Grant in a private home, owned by Wilmer McClean

19. “The War started in my backyard and ended in my front parlor” ~Wilmer McClean

20. Surrender Grant’s generous terms Southern soldiers could take their horses or mules (if they had them) and go home They wouldn’t be punished as traitors Grant offered to feed the starving soldiers Grant ordered the stop of Union celebrations: “the rebels are our countrymen again” April 26th –June 23 rd: The rest of the CSA surrenders

21. Lincoln’s Assassination Abraham Lincoln did not live to see the official end of the war Winter ’64-’65: growing conspiracy to aid the Confederacy Led by an actor, John Wilkes Booth “Hit List” –Grant, Lincoln, Johnson and more

22. April 14, 1865: Booth shot Lincoln at Ford’s Theater in Washington DC In the North, citizens mourned for their leader Lincoln’s funeral train took 14 days to get from DC to Springfield, IL Lincoln’s Assassination

23. Casualties Killed and Mortally Wounded Dead of Disease POW DeadWoundedTotal Casualties Union 110,100224,58030,192275,175640,047 Confederacy 94,000164,00031,000194,026483,026 Total: 204,100388,58061,192469,2011,123,073

24. Making Predictions: With a partner, suppose that the South succeeded in winning its independence. Make 3 predictions about what the consequences of a divided nation would have been for both the US and the CS. Think about… Economics of N, S, and W Enslaved African Americans Foreign response

25. What was gained? An Undivided nation A Democracy seeking equality Fellow Citizens: The African Americans