2.  First written constitution in Oklahoma.  Legislative=unicameral, 10 reps from 3 districts  Executive=3 district chiefs, 4 year terms, lighthorse of 18 peace officers

3.  Judicial=3 judges  Bill of Rights

4.  At first, citizens of Choctaw Nation  1855, made treaty with Choctaws to make their own nation  Constitution almost identical to Choctaws  Capital at Tishomingo

5.  John Ross and “new” Cherokees didn’t want to accept government of existing Cherokees. They wanted to write a new constitution.  June 22, 1839, signers of the Treaty of New Echota were killed.

6.  Stand Watie sought revenge. Blood feud lasted 7 years.  Constitution conventions held.  1840, new constitution written. Tahlequah is capital.

7.  Lower Creeks and Upper Creeks were divided but got along.  Not centralized, almost 50 towns in a confederation each with a chief and 2 nd chief

8.  National Council organized in 1840  1859, first written constitution, still had division of Upper and Lower, chiefs became elected positions

9.  Least organized, didn’t want to join Creeks  25 towns with chiefs  Annual summer meeting of town chiefs

10.  Some Seminoles and Creeks created a colony in Mexico  1856, Creeks granted Seminoles independence with own land

11.  Farm sites for fruits and vegetables  Fields of cotton  Slavery=less harsh in Indian Territory, some could marry and have property  Choctaw slaves composed “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot”

12.  Ranching=cattle, sheep, goats, horses, hogs  Commerce evolved and towns grew as trading centers  Manufacturing

13.  Transportation = ◦ Texas Road-Highway 69 (northeast/southwest) ◦ California Trail (east/west) ◦ Butterfield Road (stagecoach line to link St.Louis and Los Angeles) ◦ Red and Arkansas Rivers by keelboats and steamboats

14.  Traditional  Presbyterian: ABCFM, Byington and Worcester, Wheelock Church  Baptist: opposed slavery  Methodist: circuit-riding preachers  Moravians

15.  Many female missionaries  Missionaries taught the gospel, practiced medicine, opposed alcohol, advised tribal leaders, converted languages into written form, opened schools

16.  Almost every mission had a day school  Boarding schools created  Used annuities from treaties and mission funds

17.  Reading, writing, math, history, Latin, Greek, philosophy, biology, astronomy and the Bible  Vocational training too  Cherokees separated church and state

18.  Interaction with each other, western tribes, and US government.  International councils to discuss problems.  Problems with Mexico and Texas.  New forts created