1. Energy Transformations: Photosynthesis & Respiration

2. What do you remember from Friday?
What is energy?
List 2 processes (in the cell) that require energy (the ability to do work).
What is the difference between an autotroph and a chemotroph?
What is metabolism?
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
What are the products of photosynthesis?

3. ATP & ADP ATP: Adenosine triphosphate adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates
Energy storing molecule, only stores energy for a few minutes
Source of all cell energy
When one phosphate group breaks off, energy is released
Adenine
3 Phosphate groups
Ribose

4. ADP: Adenosine diphosphate Adenine + ribose + 2 phosphates
Molecule that results from ATP losing one P
Another P may be added later
ADP
ATP
Energy
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partially
charged
battery
Fully
charged
battery

5. Describe organelles involved in energy transformation
Energy transformation is when energy is converted from one form to another.
Energy transformations involve photosynthesis and respiration.

6. Photosynthesis

7. CHLOROPLASTS:
Found in plant cells, some protists & bacteria not animal cells
Contain pigment called chlorophyll (green)
Allows plants to go through photosynthesis by converting light into energy for the cell

8. Overview Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis: process using energy from sunlight to convert water and CO2 into oxygen and carbohydrates (sugar)
Two parts:
Light dependent reactions: produce O2 & converts ADP to ATP
Calvin cycle (dark reactions): use ATP from light reactions to produce sugars
Light Energy
Chloroplast
CO2 + H2O
Sugars + O2

9. Chlorophyll: green pigment in cells that absorbs blue & red light energy
Moves energy to electrons that drive reactions
Equation for photosynthesis:
6CO2 +6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2

10. MITOCHONDRIA: “powerhouse” of cell
Releases energy from food molecules
Found in both animal and plant cells
A cell that needs more energy has more mitochondria
Ex: muscles, growing cells, areas of repair

11. Overview cellular respiration
Respiration: process that releases energy by breaking down food when oxygen is present
Equation for Respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

12. Anaerobic respiration: (fermentation) occurs without oxygen present
Two types:
Alcoholic: form ethyl alcohol and CO2 as waste products; used to make bread rise
Lactic acid: produces lactic acid in muscles when exercising without enough oxygen

13. Photosynthesis Respiration Function Energy storage Energy release
Location
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Reactants
Carbon dioxide
water
Glucose
oxygen
Products
Equation
6CO2 +6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 +6H2O + energy