1. 17.1 THE HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN
-differences in methods of classifying
-how to write scientific names
-how to use a dichotomous key
-the taxa in biological classification

2.  MAIN IDEA
-Biologists use a system of classification to ORGANIZE information about the diversity of living things

3. READING Q’s
1-IDENTIFY: who developed the first commonly accepted system of classification?
-ARISTOTLE

4. READING Q’s 2-CLASSIFY:
Using Aristotle’s classification system, classify the following-
-DAISY
- PLANT / herb
-DOG
-ANIMAL / land
-WHALE
-ANIMAL / water

5. READING Q’s
3-EXPLAIN
-how did Linnaeus’s system of classification build on Aristotle’s system?
-kept the morphological component
-ADDED behavior

6. READING Q’s 4-IDENTIFY -which is the correct name for this bird?
-Cardinalis cardinalis

7. READING Q’s
5-DESCRIBE
-how should a scientific name be written by hand?
-it should be underlined

8. READING Q’s
6-COMPARE:
How is today's classification system different from Linnaeus's system?
-shows EVOLUTIONARY relationships

9. READING Q’s 7-DETERMINE:
At what level on the pyramid of taxa is the American black bear distinguished from the Asiatic black bear?
-shows SPECIES

10. INSTRUCTOR LED CORNELL NOTES
17.1 CLASSIFICATION

11. WHY CLASSIFY?
1-NAME/ORDER in logical manner
to IDENTIFY relationships between organisms
2-ASSIGNS universally accepted NAME to organisms
to ELIMINATE confusion

12. CRITERIA for CLASSIFICATION
grouping of objects based on a specified set of criteria
CRITERIA EXAMPLES:
-physical characteristics
-behavior of organisms
-relationships between organisms

13. BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
1-Aristotle
-Formed the 1st known classification system (2,000 yrs ago)
-Plants and Animals
-based on: where they spent most of their life. -Air, Land and Water
2-Carolus Linnaeus
-founded the modern taxonomy
-naming system based on PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

14. BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
-two part naming system based on LATIN
-GENUS:
groups with many similar characteristics
-SPECIES:
specific to one organism
RULES/EXAMPLES
1-printed in ITALICS (underline if hand written)
2-first name GENUS, second name SPECIES
3-Genus always starts with CAPITAL letter
4-species always starts with lower case letter

15. EXAMPLE
Canis lupis
C. lupis

16. Kids Pick Candy Over Field Green Salads
Taxonomic STRUCTURE
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Large
Small
Kids Pick Candy Over Field Green Salads

17. DICHOTOMOUS KEY
-TOOL used to identify group of organisms
-OBSERVE characteristics of each organism
-series of 2 CHOICES used to guide classification
PRACTICE:
“key out” the kangaroo, cow, bee and spider

18. EXAMPLE- Human Classification
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Mammalia
Order – Primata
Family – Hominidae
Genus – Homo
Species - Sapien

19. GROUP WORK: GUIDED NOTES
-As a group complete the guided note sheet using your knowledge from the reading.

20. TAXONOMY
taxonomy--
-science of NAMING organisms & CLASSIFYING them into groups
-based on natural relationships among organisms

21. EARLY SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION
IDENTIFY:
-the parts of Linnaeus’ two-word naming system
group of similar species
genus
characteristics
of organisms
species

22. EARLY SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION
DISTINGUISH:
-the genus and specific name for species of modern humans
Homo sapians

23. EARLY SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION
IDENTIFY:
1- Which statement describes the Linnaean system of biological classification?
it was based on behavioral and morphological similarities and differences among organisms
2- In binomial nomenclature, the first part of an organism's name identifies the genus, and the second part identifies the:
species  
3-What is the correct way that the scientific name for the American black bear should appear in print?
Ursus americanus

24. TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
REVIEW:
-morphology— -

25. TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
LABEL: the diagram of taxa
SPECIES
GENUS
FAMILY
ORDER
CLASS
PHYLUM
KINGDOM

26. TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
COMPARE data in the table below to determine which two animals are most closely related.
-_______________&________________
SUPPORT your reasoning:
-classification is IDENTICAL down to species
ANALYZE at which level the blue whale diverges from the other animals on the table-
-ORDER
COYOTE
WOLF

27. DICHOTOMOUS KEY
APPLICATION: Using the dichotomous key provided, IDENTIFY the Norns and write their scientific name in the blanks.
beverlus
dallus
rajus
kentuckyus
californius
walawala
dakotus
yorkio