2. Normal Lung Tissue

3. Name some diseases that affect the respiratory system: Asthma Bronchitis Lung cancer COPD Emphysema Pneumonia Pleuritis Common cold Allergies

4. Common Infections of the lungs Common Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract:

5. Common Infections of the lungs Common Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract: 1.Colds – caused by viruses –symptoms may include a mild fever, cough, headache, runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat

6. Common Infections of the lungs Common Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract: 2. Laryngitis –is an inflammation of your voice box (larynx) due to overuse, irritation or infection. –Normally your vocal cords open and close smoothly, forming sounds through their movement and vibration. –But in laryngitis, your vocal cords become inflamed or irritated. This swelling causes distortion of the sounds produced by air passing over them. –As a result, your voice sounds hoarse. In some cases of laryngitis, your voice can become so faint as to be undetectable.

7. Larynx

8. Common Infections of the lungs Common Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract: 3. Tonsillitis –Tonsillitis is an infection or inflammation of the tonsils. –The tonsils are balls of lymphatic tissue on both sides of the throat, above and behind the tongue. They are part of the immune system, which helps the body fight infection

9. Common Infections of the lungs Common Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract: 4. Sinusitis –is infection or inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities. –These are hollow spaces in your cheeks and around your eyes. –Sinus infections often follow a cold and cause pain and pressure in your head and face.

10. Common Infections of the lungs Common Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract: - Bronchitis - Asthma - Pneumonia - SARS - Emphysema - Lung cancer

11. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs that usually occurs because of bacterial or viral infection. Pneumonia causes fever and inflammation of lung tissue This makes breathing difficult because the lungs have to work harder to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. Common causes of are influenza and infection with the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.

12. SARS SARS -is a Coronavirus

13. Asthma NormalAsthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes airways to tighten and narrow. Often triggered by irritants in the air such as cigarette smoke, asthma flares involve contraction and swelling of the muscles lining the tiny airways. The resulting narrowing of the airways prevents air from flowing properly, causing wheezing and difficulty breathing, sometimes to the point of being life- threatening.

14. Emphysema Emphysema is an enlargement of air spaces caused by destruction of alveolar walls. Main cause is smoking

15. Emphysema

16. normal emphysema

17. Lung cancer  87% of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking –American Lung Association  Caused by an abnormal growth of cells in the lungs

18. Pleuritis Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura (a two-ply membrane that both encloses the lung and lines the chest cavity) Causes painful respiration. Can be generated by a variety of infectious an non- infectious causes.

19. Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System asthma severe allergic reaction characterized by the constriction of bronchioles bronchitis inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles emphysema condition in which the alveoli deteriorate, causing the lungs to lose their elasticity pneumonia condition in which the alveoli become filled with fluid, preventing the exchange of gases lung cancer irregular & uncontrolled growth of tumors in the lung tissue