2. DAILY REVIEW #7 21.Describe 4 different ways that the Sun/Earth relationship changes that have an impact on Earth’s climate. 22. In general, what are the Milankovitch cycles? 23.If you wanted to have the warmest climate on Earth, according to Milankovitch’s cycle, what would be true? 24.What season is occurring in Africa in the picture labeled B in the picture to the right? End

3. NATURAL CAUSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE: ALBEDO How reflective a surface is Percent 100% = ? 0% = ? Hypothesize: Grass Snow/ice Cities Earth (average)

4. HOW DOES ALBEDO IMPACT CLIMATE? Lower albedo = ? temp. Environmental changes – how will albedo change? Deforestation More agriculture Sea ice and glaciers melting Increased building

5. Natural causes of climate change: Volcanic Eruptions -Eruptions release: -Ash -CO 2 -SO 2 -Causes cooling -Aerosols reflect radiation -Decrease temps ~.5˚F -1-3 years

6. PALEOCLIMATE RECORD SHOWS CLIMATE CHANGES AND MAJOR ERUPTIONS: MT. TAMBORA KRAKATOA MT. PINATUBO LITTLE ICE AGE

7. DAILY REVIEW #8 25. List as many natural causes to climate change as you can. 26. How does a massive volcanic eruption change the climate? 27. What would the albedo be of the Chaparral parking lot? 28. How could we decrease the Chaparral parking lot albedo and why would we want to do that? End

8. NATURAL CAUSE OF CLIMATE CHANGE… OCEANS 1.Thermohaline circulation Global conveyor belt Water freezes Salt stays in water Holds more nutrients More dense…. Moves south Gets more near Antarctica Warmer water replaces Effect on climate…. Eventually moves towards equator… Moves around the world Warm water Cold, nutrient rich water

9. NATURAL CAUSE OF CLIMATE CHANGE… OCEANS 2.Trade winds Western Pacific Low pressure Abundant rain Eastern Pacific Higher pressure Less rain Upwelling of cold, nutrient rich deep water

10. EL NINO AND LA NINA El Nino Begins in eastern Pacific Warmer temp. Decreased upwelling Reverses winds Less rain over western Pacific Warmer weather Impact on the U.S. La Nina Cooler than normal in eastern Pacific Enhances “normal” pattern Colder weather Impact on the U.S.

11. NATURAL CHANGES IN GREENHOUSE GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE Carbon dioxide Much higher in early atmosphere Decreased due to plants Increased oxygen Also changes due to carbon cycle Methane Produced during decay High levels mean…. Water vapor Absorbs IR the best A molecule stays for 9 days Changes due to….