1. Powers of Ten From Meters to Nanometers and Beyond Rob Snyder and Mort Sternheim July 2012

2. Going Up the Powers of Ten Scale Given the following information, many students comprehend both the distance and the speed. Distance from the sun to Earth = 1.5 x 10 11 meters Speed of light in space = 3.0 x 10 8 meters per second Moreover, many students can manipulate the data to answer a question like: How long does it take for sunlight to reach Earth? They seem to be comfortable with objects that are seen, distances they have traveled, commonly photographed objects or images as well as the scale of maps and globes.

3. Going down the Powers of Ten Scale is much more of a challenge Mathematical operations that describe very small dimensions involve scientific notation with negative powers of ten. They are less familiar with instruments make indirect measurements of very small dimensions than with instruments such as a telescope. Structures with very small dimensions involve specific interactions between and arrangements of atoms, ions and molecules.

4. A Powers of Ten Data Table can be used to enter 14 progressively smaller measurements or calculations The measurementMetersCentimetersNanometers X 10 0 X 10 2 X 10 9 X 10 0 The first challenge is to determine how many rows of data can be filled using the available measurement instruments. The second challenge is to provide entries for remaining row and record data in the nanoscale and subnanoscale rows.

5. Common items and measurement tools can be used to initiate a process of going down a Powers of Ten scale. Magnifiers help obtain the last significant digit in a measurement.

6. A USB microscope can measure openings in coffee filters and sizes of coffee grounds so that measurements can be recorded on the data table. Students can learn how to calibrate a measurement instrument that utilizes imaging technology.

7. Spectrometers can be used to add more data. Wavelengths of visible light approach the nanoscale realm.

8. The activity document also includes descriptions of categories of filters with openings smaller than wavelengths of light. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080222095403.htm

9. A study of atoms and ions (and subatomic particles) extends the Power of Ten scale beyond the nanoscale. Source:http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/atoms/atpt-6.html#SIZE A picometer (pm) = 1 x 10 -12 meters 152 picometers = 152 x 10 12 meters = 1.52 x 10 10 meters

10. An activity adapted from Nanosense is available at several stations to explore Powers of Ten. The activity –http://nanosense.org/activities/sizematters/sizean dscale/SM_Lesson2Teacher.pdfhttp://nanosense.org/activities/sizematters/sizean dscale/SM_Lesson2Teacher.pdf On STEM Ed web sites –www.umassk12.net/nano/Saturdaywww.umassk12.net/nano/Saturday Other useful nanoscience materials –http://nanosense.org/index.htmlhttp://nanosense.org/index.html

11. How do we generate images of structures with nanoscale dimensions? Tomorrow, you will build a model that simulates measurements made with a device called an Atomic Force Microscope..

12. A Few Questions What can be added to the sequence of activities to more effectively develop a nanoscale perspective? What skills and perspectives developed during this activity support the study of other STEM topics?