2. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Part Three ENTER

3. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Text Appreciation I. Text AnalysisText Analysis 1. ThemeTheme 2. StructureStructure 3. DiscussionDiscussion II. Writing DevicesWriting Devices 1. Language Style & ToneLanguage Style & Tone 2. MetaphorMetaphor III. Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase

4. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E I. Text Analysis The author tries to clarify the purpose of a university: to put the students in touch with the best civilization that human race has created. Theme The end of Theme.

5. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Part 1 (Paras. 1— ): Part 2 (Paras. ): I. Text Analysis Structure 8 9—14 The writer describes his encounter with one of his students. The author restates what he still believes to be the purpose of a university: putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human race has created. The end of Structure.

6. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E I. Text Analysis Discussion As a college student, what do you think of the question put forward by the author? Give your own answer to the question, and compare it with the author’s. After finishing reading the whole text, how do you evaluate the author’s answer? To be continued on the next page.

7. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E I. Text Analysis To be continued on the next page. Introduction He introduces the topic with his encounter with a student and with two questions: Why should we go to university? Why should we learn literature, arts, philosophy, politics, etc.? Then he proceeds to give evidence to support his view: Evidence A: distinction between technical training and university Evidence B: How to spend the 8 hours of leisure time will decide whether you are capable of penetrating insight, whether you can be democratic, tasteful and above all, whether you can raise a civilized family. How does the writer present his argument?

8. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E I. Text Analysis The end of Discussion. Answer/topic sentence: … the business of the college is to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought. Evidence C: Nobody gets to be a human being unaided, and books can aid us in becoming a civilized human, both in terms of techniques of mankind, and in terms of spiritual resources. Conclusion Reiteration and summary: the function of university and its faculty.

9. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E II. Writing Devices Language Style & Tone The end of Language Style & Tone. Style: Colloquial, familiar style Tone: Humorous and mildly sarcastic By way of using direct speech By way of using metaphors

10. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E II. Writing Devices Metaphor Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down… (Para. 1) New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. (Para. 2) That is about what I said, but this particular pest was not interested. (Para. 7) The end of Metaphor.

11. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 1 … I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. (Para. 1) … I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City. go to 2 to have just come from a particular place, to have just had a particular experience, e.g. students fresh from college

12. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 2 I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. (Para. 2) Subjunctive mood: I didn’t point it out in fact. go to 3 I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.Sc. at a university. to intend to do sth. to indicate, register, or show

13. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 3 Here the word education is used in a broad sense, which involves not only the process of acquiring knowledge and developing skills, but also that of improving the mind. go to 4 That is to say, he had not entered a technical training school but a university and in universities students enroll for both training and education. (Para. 2) What is the difference between training and education, according to the writer? Training is preparation for a job, or a career, such as the training in a certain skill. Education, on the other hand, is learning to develop one’s mental and moral powers.

14. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 3 I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn’t going to be around long enough for it to matter. (Para. 3) I didn’t actually say all this to him, because I didn’t think he could stay at college very long, so it wouldn’t be important whether or not he knew what university education was for.

15. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Instead of telling him the importance of an all-round education, I tried to convince him from a very practical point of view. III. Sentence Paraphrase 4 Nevertheless, I was young and I had a high sense of duty and I tried to put it this way... (Para. 4)

16. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 5 “For the rest of your life,” I said, “your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours.” (Para. 4) to come to an average or ordinary level or standard, esp. after being higher or lower More examples: Meals at the university average out to about 10 yuan per day. The restaurant’s monthly profits averaged out at 30% last year. go to 5

17. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Suppose /Lets imagine you have completed your pharmacy course... III. Sentence Paraphrase 6 Assume you have gone through pharmacy school… (Para. 5)

18. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 7 You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’t jump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. (Para. 5) go to 6 You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you’re a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn’t get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.

19. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 8 In addition to all other things these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family—wife and children. Noun clause, used as predicative go to 7 Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. (Para. 5)

20. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 9 I hope that your income will always be enough. go to 8 They will be your income, and may it always suffice. (Para. 5) Inverted sentence, used in a blessing. e.g. May they live long!

21. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Will your children ever hear you talking about something profound at home? III. Sentence Paraphrase 10 Will the children ever be exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home? (Para. 6) penetrating idea – one that requires the ability of understanding clearly and deeply reasonable – to a degree that is fairly good but not very good She wants to find a place reasonably close (not far from) to her university. Our university is not one of the top ten, but reasonably well-known both at home and abroad.

22. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Note the sarcastic tone of the writer. In spite of what he had said, the student didn’t seem to be convinced. What the writer means here is something like this: If you don’t have any goal in life apart from making money to satisfy your desire for material riches, go ahead and make a lot of it. III. Sentence Paraphrase 11 “I hope you make a lot of it,” I told him, “because you’re going to be badly stuck for something to do when you’re not signing checks.” (Para. 6) Be stuck for sth – not to know what to do in a particular situation In the middle of the speech, he was stuck for words.

23. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 12 go to 10 If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man’s development we call history—then you have no business being in college. (Para. 9) If you don’t want to improve your mind and broaden your horizon by studying a little literature, philosophy and the fine arts and history, you shouldn't be studying here at college.

24. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 13 Have no business doing sth./have no business to do sth: to have no right to do sth, shouldn’t have been /bedoing sth More examples: You’ve no business telling me what to do. She has no business reading your mail. go to 10 Lesson – an experience which acts as a warning to you or an example from which you should learn 能给 人以警戒、或使人从中获取教训的经历

25. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 14 If you are too anxious to make money, too ignorant to see your limitations, then you couldn’t regard those great people’s minds as a gift to your humanity, and thus you can’t be a developed human. go to 11 If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. (Para. 12) “too… to…” structure object of the verb “accept”

26. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E III. Sentence Paraphrase 15 … when I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include. (Para. 14) “except” used as a conjunctive, introducing an adverbial clause The end of Sentence Paraphrase. both as specialists and as humans: as persons who have specialized and are trained in a certain subject or skill and as civilized creatures and thinking animals

27. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E The B.S. certificate would be official proof that the holder had special knowledge of pharmacy, but it would also be proof that he/she had been exposed to some profound ideas of the past. III. Sentence Paraphrase 16 It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history. (Para. 2)

28. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E A number of such push-button savages get college degrees. We cannot help that. But even with their degrees, we can’t say that these people have received a proper college education. It is more accurate to say that they go through college without learning anything. III. Sentence Paraphrase 17 Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them – without making contact. (Para. 9)

29. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E No one can grow up to be a civilized person without the help of others. III. Sentence Paraphrase 18 III. Sentence No one gets to be a human being unaided. Paraphrase 18 No one gets to be a human being unaided. (Para. 10)

30. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E To become a civilized person, you need to acquire the knowledge and develop the culture a civilized society needs. One lifetime is too short to create an environment for you to become civilized.. III. Sentence Paraphrase 18 There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human. (Para. 10)

31. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Only very few, if any at all, of you will turn out to be scientists and have your names cut into those stones. But if you were attentive enough in your high school physics class, any of you knows more about physics than many of those scientists whose names are cut into the stones. III. Sentence Paraphrase 18 The chances are that few, if any, of you will leave your names to be cut into those stones. Yet any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school course in physics, knows more about physics than did many of those great scientists of the past. (Para. 11)

32. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E You know more about physics not because you are more talented than those scholars of the past, but because they left their knowledge to you, and because everything you first learn is what people learnt in the past. In other words, all human knowledge has been accumulated by people living in the past and has been passed on to us. You learn all this before you do any original research, or any research of your own. III. Sentence Paraphrase 18 You know more because they left you what they know, because you can start from what the past learned for you. (Para. 10)

33. Lesson 1 Another School Year—What For? B T L W E Part Three This is the end of Part Three. Please click HOME to visit other parts. HOME