1. Migrants in the informal sector: The case of Zimbabweans in South Africa Godfrey Tawodzera African Centre for Cities (ACC), University of Cape Town

2.  Two decades of political and economic problems have transformed Zimbabwe into a migrant-sending country

3. Exodus – Crush & Tevera, 2010

4.  Emigrants to regional and international destinations

5.  Most estimates put the number of Zimbabweans in South Africa at 1.5 – 3 million (Crush & Tevera, 2010)

6. Asylum applications by Zimbabweans in South Africa YearNo 20000 20014 2002115 20032588 20045789 20057783 200618973 200717667 2008111968 2009149453

7. Revised estimates for Zimbabwean population in South Africa YearAnnual growth rate (%) Estimated migrant population (Makina) Revised estimate of black migrant population (SAMP) 2001131 86666 033 200233175 71587 824 200345255 604127 345 200447375 935187 197 200539522 364260 204 200646763 425379 898 2007361 022 965509 063

8.  Data from 2010 & 2012 SAMP studies in in Cape Town & Johannesburg  Focus on general migration issues and food security rather than informality per se  So, data is only indicative rather than conclusive

9. Employment status prior and post-migration (SAMP, 2010) Prior to migration (%)After migration (%) Wage employment5062 Informal sector820 Unemployed4218

10. SAMP, 2012

11. SAMP, 2010 Changing occupational profile in South Africa 2005(%)2010(%) Manager/employer9.51.0 Professional (inc lawyer, health, teaching) 37.314.1 Office worker5.34.1 Manual worker6.623.8 ? Service worker9.512.6 Domestic worker2.48.4 Student1.32.9 Trader/hawker/vendor-14.3 Security0.74.1 Security-4.1 Never had a job in South Africa -14.1

12. SAMP, 2010 Other sources of income No% Casual work17732.4? Informal sector trading5810.6 Social grant10.2 Rentals40.7 Remittances101.8 Borrowing7413.6 None20637.7 Other source162.9 Total546100.0

14. SAMP, 2012

18. Thank you