1. INDIA S. IRUDAYA RAJAN

2. HIGHLIGHTS EMIGRATION FROM AND REMITTANCES TO INDIA MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES: KERALA EXPERIENCE MACRO IMPACT

3. Emigration Estimates High Level Committee on Indian Diaspora in 2001: 20 million (people of Indian origin and Non-Resident Indians): 16 million Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA) in its first annual report, 2004-2005 states that Indian Diaspora is about 25 million. MOIA in its latest annual report, 2012-13: 25 million in 183 countries.

4. Estimates of Non-Resident Indians High Level Committee, 2001 Gulf: 3.3 million Europe: 0.2 million Asia and Pacific: 0.2 million Africa: 0.08 million Central and South America: 7307 USA: 1.7 million; UK: 1.2 million; Canada: 0.9 million; South Africa 1.0 million (PIO+NRI)

5. Estimated Indian Migrant Stock, 2010 Destination CountriesNumber Australia209908 Qatar250649 Sri Lanka336352 Kuwait393210 Oman447824 Canada516508 United Kingdom657792 Nepal831432 Bangladesh1052775 Saudi Arabia1452927 United States of America1654272 United Arab Emirates2185919 All Other Countries1371256 Total11360823

6. MOIA-RUIM-CDS Estimates Based on our research in Kerala since 1998 Our estimate: 12 million workers 6 million in the Gulf UAE No 1, followed by Saudi Arabia What do other data sources tell us about Gulf Migration? As per the latest MOIA annual report, 97% of the ECR passport holders left for Gulf.

7. Trends in Workers Emigrated from India, 1985-2012

8. Workers Granted Emigration Clearance by Major States, 1993-2012

9. Labour outflows from India by destination 1988-2012

10. Trends in Remittances : 1975-2012

11. Remittance flows to India as Percentage of GDP 1990- 2012

12. Kerala Migration Surveys Kerala Migration Survey 1998 Kerala Migration Survey, 2003 Kerala Migration Survey, 2007 Kerala Migration Survey, 2008 Kerala Migration Survey, 2011 www.cds.edu

13. Emigrants, Return Emigrants and Non-Resident Keralites, 1998-2011

14. Number of Emigrants by Districts in Kerala, 2011

15. Population of Kerala and Emigration by Religion, 2011 ( in percent)

16. Number of Kerala Emigrants in the Gulf Countries, 1998-2011

17. Total Remittances for Kerala 1998-2013 YearsRs (Crores) 199813652 200318465 200843288 201149695 201360000

18. Total Remittances by Districts, 2011

19. Macro-Economic Impact of Remittances, 1998 - 2011 Indicators19982011 Remittances1365249695 NSDP53552159144 Modified NSDP67204208839 Per Capita Income1606252084 Modified Per Capita Income2015767994 State Debt1570078239 Remittances as percent of NSDP (%)25.531.2 Remittances as ratio of Revenue Receipt1.91.6 Remittances as ratio of Transfer from Centre6.96.2 Remittances as ratio of Government Expenditure2.32.2 Remittances as ratio of State Debt0.90.6 Remittances as ratio of Receipt from Cashew Export10.430.4 Remittances as ratio of Receipt from Marine Export16.729.8

22. Percent of Households with Emigrant and possession of Very Good or Luxurious houses

23. Annual Savings and Investment Membership Annual Savings Annual Investments HHs with No Emigrants 1624460304 HHs With Emigrants 32809139919 Total 2199191187

24. Monthly Food and Non Food expenses MembershipFOOD Non FoodExpenses HHs with No Emigrants 285031445994 HHs With Emigrants 325644257681 Total 299435976591

25. Annual Health and Education Expenses Membership Annual Medical Expenses Annual Education Expenses HHs with No Emigrants 646910688 HHs With Emigrants 1216919186 Total 853813933

26. Direct Benefits of Migration Savings and Investment Human Development (education and health) Unemployment and Poverty Standard of Living Reduce Inequality

27. Indirect effects of migration Reductions in Fertility Political participation (financing political parties and elections) Philanthropy Women empowerment Knowledge and skills diffusion Entrepreneurship and work culture